Navigated retrodiaphragmatic/retroperitoneal approach for the treatment of symptomatic kyphoscoliosis: an operative video

Retropleural, retrodiaphragmatic, and retroperitoneal approaches are utilized to access difficult thoracolumbar junction (T10–L2) pathology. The authors present a 58-year-old man with chronic low-back pain who failed years of conservative therapy. Preoperative radiographs demonstrated significant levoconvex scoliosis with coronal and sagittal imbalance. He underwent a retrodiaphragmatic/retroperitoneal approach for T12–L1, L1–2, L2–3, and L3–4 interbody release and fusion in conjunction with second-stage facet osteotomies, L4–5 TLIF, and T10–iliac posterior instrumented fusion. This video focuses on the retrodiaphragmatic approach assisted by 3D navigation. The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.3.FOCVID2215