Cargando…

High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens

BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that causes a significant burden of disease across Asia, particularly in India, with high mortality in children. JEV circulates in wild ardeid birds and domestic pig reservoirs, both of which generate sufficiently high...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Walsh, Michael G, Pattanaik, Amrita, Vyas, Navya, Saxena, Deepak, Webb, Cameron, Sawleshwarkar, Shailendra, Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9557850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35355081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac050
_version_ 1784807318480748544
author Walsh, Michael G
Pattanaik, Amrita
Vyas, Navya
Saxena, Deepak
Webb, Cameron
Sawleshwarkar, Shailendra
Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay
author_facet Walsh, Michael G
Pattanaik, Amrita
Vyas, Navya
Saxena, Deepak
Webb, Cameron
Sawleshwarkar, Shailendra
Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay
author_sort Walsh, Michael G
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that causes a significant burden of disease across Asia, particularly in India, with high mortality in children. JEV circulates in wild ardeid birds and domestic pig reservoirs, both of which generate sufficiently high viraemias to infect vector mosquitoes, which can then subsequently infect humans. The landscapes of these hosts, particularly in the context of anthropogenic ecotones and resulting wildlife–livestock interfaces, are poorly understood and thus significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of JEV persist. This study sought to investigate the landscape epidemiology of JEV outbreaks in India over the period 2010–2020 to determine the influence of shared wetland and rain-fed agricultural landscapes and animal hosts on outbreak risk. METHODS: Using surveillance data from India’s National Centre for Disease Control Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, JEV outbreaks were modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson point process and externally validated against independently sourced data. RESULTS: Outbreak risk was strongly associated with the habitat suitability of ardeid birds, both pig and chicken density, and the shared landscapes between fragmented rain-fed agriculture and both river and freshwater marsh wetlands. CONCLUSION: The results from this work provide the most complete understanding of the landscape epidemiology of JEV in India to date and suggest important One Health priorities for control and prevention across fragmented terrain comprising a wildlife–livestock interface that favours spillover to humans.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9557850
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher Oxford University Press
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95578502022-10-14 High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens Walsh, Michael G Pattanaik, Amrita Vyas, Navya Saxena, Deepak Webb, Cameron Sawleshwarkar, Shailendra Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay Int J Epidemiol Infectious Disease BACKGROUND: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic mosquito-borne virus that causes a significant burden of disease across Asia, particularly in India, with high mortality in children. JEV circulates in wild ardeid birds and domestic pig reservoirs, both of which generate sufficiently high viraemias to infect vector mosquitoes, which can then subsequently infect humans. The landscapes of these hosts, particularly in the context of anthropogenic ecotones and resulting wildlife–livestock interfaces, are poorly understood and thus significant knowledge gaps in the epidemiology of JEV persist. This study sought to investigate the landscape epidemiology of JEV outbreaks in India over the period 2010–2020 to determine the influence of shared wetland and rain-fed agricultural landscapes and animal hosts on outbreak risk. METHODS: Using surveillance data from India’s National Centre for Disease Control Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, JEV outbreaks were modelled as an inhomogeneous Poisson point process and externally validated against independently sourced data. RESULTS: Outbreak risk was strongly associated with the habitat suitability of ardeid birds, both pig and chicken density, and the shared landscapes between fragmented rain-fed agriculture and both river and freshwater marsh wetlands. CONCLUSION: The results from this work provide the most complete understanding of the landscape epidemiology of JEV in India to date and suggest important One Health priorities for control and prevention across fragmented terrain comprising a wildlife–livestock interface that favours spillover to humans. Oxford University Press 2022-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC9557850/ /pubmed/35355081 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac050 Text en © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Infectious Disease
Walsh, Michael G
Pattanaik, Amrita
Vyas, Navya
Saxena, Deepak
Webb, Cameron
Sawleshwarkar, Shailendra
Mukhopadhyay, Chiranjay
High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title_full High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title_fullStr High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title_full_unstemmed High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title_short High-risk landscapes of Japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in India converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild Ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
title_sort high-risk landscapes of japanese encephalitis virus outbreaks in india converge on wetlands, rain-fed agriculture, wild ardeidae, and domestic pigs and chickens
topic Infectious Disease
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9557850/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35355081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac050
work_keys_str_mv AT walshmichaelg highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT pattanaikamrita highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT vyasnavya highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT saxenadeepak highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT webbcameron highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT sawleshwarkarshailendra highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens
AT mukhopadhyaychiranjay highrisklandscapesofjapaneseencephalitisvirusoutbreaksinindiaconvergeonwetlandsrainfedagriculturewildardeidaeanddomesticpigsandchickens