Pattern of Conventional Coagulation and Thromboelastographic Parameters in Patients with COVID-19 Diseases and Association of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy with Mortality in Intensive Care Unit

BACKGROUND: Knowledge of underlying pathophysiology of coagulopathy is evolving and the pattern of coagulation parameters in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–associated diseases is still not very clear. AIMS: In the present study, we aimed to find out the pattern and distribution of conventional coagulation parameters and thromboelastographic (TEG) parameters in COVID-19–associated coagulopathy (CAC) in survivors and nonsurvivors at 28 days. SETTING AND DESIGN: The present prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care COVID-19 intensive care unit (ICU) facility from March 21, 2020, to July 15, 2021. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Admission clinical and laboratory data (conventional coagulation, inflammatory and TEG parameters, and disease severity parameters) of 64 COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU were collected. Patients were divided into two groups, i.e., survivors and nonsurvivors. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were compared between two groups, i.e., survivors versus no survivors on 28 days using Student's t-test/Mann–Whitney U-test or Chi-square test/Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Admission mean plasma fibrinogen levels (474.82 ± 167.41 mg.dL(−1)) and D-dimer were elevated (1.78 [0.66, 3.62] mg.mL(−1)) in the COVID-19 ICU patients. Overall, COVID-19 patients had mean lower normal platelet count (150 ± 50 × 10(3) cells.mm(−3)), with marginally elevated prothrombin time (16.25 ± 3.76 s) and activated partial thromboplastin time (38.22 ± 16.72 s). A 65.6% (42/64) TEG profile analysis showed a normal coagulation profile, and the rest 21.9% (14/64) and 12.5% (8/64) had hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable states, respectively. Plasma D-dimer level was markedly elevated in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P < 0.05), while no other conventional coagulation parameters and TEG profile demonstrated statistically significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Markedly elevated plasma D-dimer level was observed in nonsurvivors of COVID-19 ICU patients. A large portion of COVID-19 ICU patients had a normal TEG profile. Conventional coagulation parameters and TEG profile were similar between survivors and nonsurvivors.