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Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose

Management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, frequently accounting the genitourinary tract is complex and requires a multimodal therapy. In particular, as a consequence of the advancement in dose conformity technology, radiation therapy (RT) has now become t...

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Autores principales: Camero, Simona, Cassandri, Matteo, Pomella, Silvia, Milazzo, Luisa, Vulcano, Francesca, Porrazzo, Antonella, Barillari, Giovanni, Marchese, Cinzia, Codenotti, Silvia, Tomaciello, Miriam, Rota, Rossella, Fanzani, Alessandro, Megiorni, Francesca, Marampon, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9559533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248991
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1016894
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author Camero, Simona
Cassandri, Matteo
Pomella, Silvia
Milazzo, Luisa
Vulcano, Francesca
Porrazzo, Antonella
Barillari, Giovanni
Marchese, Cinzia
Codenotti, Silvia
Tomaciello, Miriam
Rota, Rossella
Fanzani, Alessandro
Megiorni, Francesca
Marampon, Francesco
author_facet Camero, Simona
Cassandri, Matteo
Pomella, Silvia
Milazzo, Luisa
Vulcano, Francesca
Porrazzo, Antonella
Barillari, Giovanni
Marchese, Cinzia
Codenotti, Silvia
Tomaciello, Miriam
Rota, Rossella
Fanzani, Alessandro
Megiorni, Francesca
Marampon, Francesco
author_sort Camero, Simona
collection PubMed
description Management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, frequently accounting the genitourinary tract is complex and requires a multimodal therapy. In particular, as a consequence of the advancement in dose conformity technology, radiation therapy (RT) has now become the standard therapeutic option for patients with RMS. In the clinical practice, dose and timing of RT are adjusted on the basis of patients’ risk stratification to reduce late toxicity and side effects on normal tissues. However, despite the substantial improvement in cure rates, local failure and recurrence frequently occur. In this review, we summarize the general principles of the treatment of RMS, focusing on RT, and the main molecular pathways and specific proteins involved into radioresistance in RMS tumors. Specifically, we focused on DNA damage/repair, reactive oxygen species, cancer stem cells, and epigenetic modifications that have been reported in the context of RMS neoplasia in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The precise elucidation of the radioresistance-related molecular mechanisms is of pivotal importance to set up new more effective and tolerable combined therapeutic approaches that can radiosensitize cancer cells to finally ameliorate the overall survival of patients with RMS, especially for the most aggressive subtypes.
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spelling pubmed-95595332022-10-14 Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose Camero, Simona Cassandri, Matteo Pomella, Silvia Milazzo, Luisa Vulcano, Francesca Porrazzo, Antonella Barillari, Giovanni Marchese, Cinzia Codenotti, Silvia Tomaciello, Miriam Rota, Rossella Fanzani, Alessandro Megiorni, Francesca Marampon, Francesco Front Oncol Oncology Management of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children, frequently accounting the genitourinary tract is complex and requires a multimodal therapy. In particular, as a consequence of the advancement in dose conformity technology, radiation therapy (RT) has now become the standard therapeutic option for patients with RMS. In the clinical practice, dose and timing of RT are adjusted on the basis of patients’ risk stratification to reduce late toxicity and side effects on normal tissues. However, despite the substantial improvement in cure rates, local failure and recurrence frequently occur. In this review, we summarize the general principles of the treatment of RMS, focusing on RT, and the main molecular pathways and specific proteins involved into radioresistance in RMS tumors. Specifically, we focused on DNA damage/repair, reactive oxygen species, cancer stem cells, and epigenetic modifications that have been reported in the context of RMS neoplasia in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The precise elucidation of the radioresistance-related molecular mechanisms is of pivotal importance to set up new more effective and tolerable combined therapeutic approaches that can radiosensitize cancer cells to finally ameliorate the overall survival of patients with RMS, especially for the most aggressive subtypes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9559533/ /pubmed/36248991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1016894 Text en Copyright © 2022 Camero, Cassandri, Pomella, Milazzo, Vulcano, Porrazzo, Barillari, Marchese, Codenotti, Tomaciello, Rota, Fanzani, Megiorni and Marampon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Oncology
Camero, Simona
Cassandri, Matteo
Pomella, Silvia
Milazzo, Luisa
Vulcano, Francesca
Porrazzo, Antonella
Barillari, Giovanni
Marchese, Cinzia
Codenotti, Silvia
Tomaciello, Miriam
Rota, Rossella
Fanzani, Alessandro
Megiorni, Francesca
Marampon, Francesco
Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title_full Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title_fullStr Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title_full_unstemmed Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title_short Radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: Much more than a question of dose
title_sort radioresistance in rhabdomyosarcomas: much more than a question of dose
topic Oncology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9559533/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248991
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2022.1016894
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