The Assessment Metabolic Markers and Cardio Risk Index Among Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Primary Health Clinics in Medan City, North Sumatera, Indonesia: Cross-sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder affecting people worldwide. Diabetes mellitus has been known to be associated with lipid metabolic disorders and macrovascular and microvascular complications. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the correlation between cardio risk index and metabolic markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS: This study was conducted on type 2 diabetes mellitus with the cross-sectional analytic method. The inclusion criteria of the samples were all the patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus of both sexes. We recorded Body Mass Index, Blood Pressure, disease duration, and family history. The laboratory parameters, including Fasting Blood Sugar, Hba1c, HDL, LDL, TG, and Cholesterol, were examined by Paramita Laboratory Clinic. The data of the samples were processed using a computer with the SPSS program.. RESULTS: There were significantly different mean of age, abdominal circumference, FBG, Hba1c, cardio risk index, and HDL controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes groups, but the mean cholesterol and LDL levels were not different in the two groups.At uncontrolled type 2 diabetic we found that there was a significant correlation between the cardio risk index with Cholesterol (r= 0.3 p=0,004), triglycerides (r=0.5 p=0,001), and negative correlation cardio risk index with HDL (r= -0.5 p=0.012). There was no significant correlation between the cardio risk index with LDL (r=0.157 p=0.101). CONCLUSION: Hba1c and FBS are higher in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes accompanied by lipid profile and cardio risk index levels that are higher than expected values are the risk of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus.