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SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil

BACKGROUND: The first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, was diagnosed on March 12, 2020; thereafter, multiple surges of infection occurred, similar to what was seen elsewhere. These surges were mostly due to SA...

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Autores principales: Freire-Neto, Francisco P., Teixeira, Diego G., da Cunha, Dayse C. S., Morais, Ingryd C., Tavares, Celisa P. M., Gurgel, Genilson P., Medeiros, Sanderson D. N., dos Santos, David C., Sales, Alexandre de O., Jeronimo, Selma M. B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010337
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author Freire-Neto, Francisco P.
Teixeira, Diego G.
da Cunha, Dayse C. S.
Morais, Ingryd C.
Tavares, Celisa P. M.
Gurgel, Genilson P.
Medeiros, Sanderson D. N.
dos Santos, David C.
Sales, Alexandre de O.
Jeronimo, Selma M. B.
author_facet Freire-Neto, Francisco P.
Teixeira, Diego G.
da Cunha, Dayse C. S.
Morais, Ingryd C.
Tavares, Celisa P. M.
Gurgel, Genilson P.
Medeiros, Sanderson D. N.
dos Santos, David C.
Sales, Alexandre de O.
Jeronimo, Selma M. B.
author_sort Freire-Neto, Francisco P.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, was diagnosed on March 12, 2020; thereafter, multiple surges of infection occurred, similar to what was seen elsewhere. These surges were mostly due to SARS-CoV-2 mutations leading to emergence of variants of concern (VoC). The introduction of new VoCs in a population previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or after vaccination has been a challenge to understanding the kinetics of the protective immune response against this virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections observed in mid-January 2022 in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. It describes the clinical and genomic characteristics of nine cases of reinfection that occurred coincident with the introduction of the omicron variant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of a total of 172,965 individuals with upper respiratory symptoms tested for SARS-CoV-2, between March 2020 through mid-February 2022, 58,097 tested positive. Of those, 444 had documented a second SARS-CoV-2 infection and nine reinfection cases were selected for sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that virus lineages diverged between primary infections and the reinfections, with the latter caused by the Omicron (BA.1) variant among individuals fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that the Omicron variant is able to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity, since all nine cases had prior natural infection and, in addition, were fully vaccinated, emphasizing the need to develop effective blocking vaccines.
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spelling pubmed-95605502022-10-14 SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil Freire-Neto, Francisco P. Teixeira, Diego G. da Cunha, Dayse C. S. Morais, Ingryd C. Tavares, Celisa P. M. Gurgel, Genilson P. Medeiros, Sanderson D. N. dos Santos, David C. Sales, Alexandre de O. Jeronimo, Selma M. B. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: The first case of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil, was diagnosed on March 12, 2020; thereafter, multiple surges of infection occurred, similar to what was seen elsewhere. These surges were mostly due to SARS-CoV-2 mutations leading to emergence of variants of concern (VoC). The introduction of new VoCs in a population previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or after vaccination has been a challenge to understanding the kinetics of the protective immune response against this virus. The aim of this study was to investigate the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections observed in mid-January 2022 in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. It describes the clinical and genomic characteristics of nine cases of reinfection that occurred coincident with the introduction of the omicron variant. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Of a total of 172,965 individuals with upper respiratory symptoms tested for SARS-CoV-2, between March 2020 through mid-February 2022, 58,097 tested positive. Of those, 444 had documented a second SARS-CoV-2 infection and nine reinfection cases were selected for sequencing. Genomic analysis revealed that virus lineages diverged between primary infections and the reinfections, with the latter caused by the Omicron (BA.1) variant among individuals fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that the Omicron variant is able to evade both natural and vaccine-induced immunity, since all nine cases had prior natural infection and, in addition, were fully vaccinated, emphasizing the need to develop effective blocking vaccines. Public Library of Science 2022-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9560550/ /pubmed/36191040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010337 Text en © 2022 Freire-Neto et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Freire-Neto, Francisco P.
Teixeira, Diego G.
da Cunha, Dayse C. S.
Morais, Ingryd C.
Tavares, Celisa P. M.
Gurgel, Genilson P.
Medeiros, Sanderson D. N.
dos Santos, David C.
Sales, Alexandre de O.
Jeronimo, Selma M. B.
SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title_full SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title_short SARS-CoV-2 reinfections with BA.1 (Omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern Brazil
title_sort sars-cov-2 reinfections with ba.1 (omicron) variant among fully vaccinated individuals in northeastern brazil
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560550/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191040
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010337
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