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Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia
The factors that determine the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO(2), SO(2), O(3)), measured in 8 monitoring stations (4 rural background, 3 urban, and 1 industrial) in Estonia, are studied applying the factor analysis. The factor analysis reveals remarkable impact of COVID-19 lockdown, effect...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560877/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36258698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01261-5 |
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author | Luts, Aare Kaasik, Marko Hõrrak, Urmas Maasikmets, Marek Junninen, Heikki |
author_facet | Luts, Aare Kaasik, Marko Hõrrak, Urmas Maasikmets, Marek Junninen, Heikki |
author_sort | Luts, Aare |
collection | PubMed |
description | The factors that determine the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO(2), SO(2), O(3)), measured in 8 monitoring stations (4 rural background, 3 urban, and 1 industrial) in Estonia, are studied applying the factor analysis. The factor analysis reveals remarkable impact of COVID-19 lockdown, effects caused by dramatic decrease in oil-shale based energy production in Estonia provoked by new socio-economic conditions such as elevated price for CO(2) emission quota, differences between rural and urban stations, maritime-continental difference for NO(2) and ozone, and specific industrial impact in case of SO(2). The multiple regression analysis to predict the ozone concentration in one rural background station at Tahkuse was performed, based on the ozone concentrations measured in other stations and the concentrations of NO, NO(2), and CO(2), recorded in the same station. It was found that the ozone concentration at Tahkuse is rather well predictable (determination coefficient, i.e., correlation coefficient squared, R(2) = 0.714), using only the concentrations from another rural station at Saarejärve that is about 110 km away from Tahkuse. Adding all the available data into the list of regression analysis arguments, the model predictability is improved moderately (determination coefficient R(2) = 0.795). Large model residuals above all tend to occur with the values measured and predicted at summer nights. Surprisingly, neither NO nor NO(2) concentration measured in the Tahkuse station did appear a good predictor for ozone (R(2) = 0.02 and 0.05, respectively), possibly long-range transport of ozone (that has also experienced NO and/or NO(2) influence during transport) overrides the local effects of NO and/or NO(2). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9560877 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95608772022-10-14 Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia Luts, Aare Kaasik, Marko Hõrrak, Urmas Maasikmets, Marek Junninen, Heikki Air Qual Atmos Health Article The factors that determine the concentrations of air pollutants (NO, NO(2), SO(2), O(3)), measured in 8 monitoring stations (4 rural background, 3 urban, and 1 industrial) in Estonia, are studied applying the factor analysis. The factor analysis reveals remarkable impact of COVID-19 lockdown, effects caused by dramatic decrease in oil-shale based energy production in Estonia provoked by new socio-economic conditions such as elevated price for CO(2) emission quota, differences between rural and urban stations, maritime-continental difference for NO(2) and ozone, and specific industrial impact in case of SO(2). The multiple regression analysis to predict the ozone concentration in one rural background station at Tahkuse was performed, based on the ozone concentrations measured in other stations and the concentrations of NO, NO(2), and CO(2), recorded in the same station. It was found that the ozone concentration at Tahkuse is rather well predictable (determination coefficient, i.e., correlation coefficient squared, R(2) = 0.714), using only the concentrations from another rural station at Saarejärve that is about 110 km away from Tahkuse. Adding all the available data into the list of regression analysis arguments, the model predictability is improved moderately (determination coefficient R(2) = 0.795). Large model residuals above all tend to occur with the values measured and predicted at summer nights. Surprisingly, neither NO nor NO(2) concentration measured in the Tahkuse station did appear a good predictor for ozone (R(2) = 0.02 and 0.05, respectively), possibly long-range transport of ozone (that has also experienced NO and/or NO(2) influence during transport) overrides the local effects of NO and/or NO(2). Springer Netherlands 2022-10-14 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9560877/ /pubmed/36258698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01261-5 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Article Luts, Aare Kaasik, Marko Hõrrak, Urmas Maasikmets, Marek Junninen, Heikki Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title | Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title_full | Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title_fullStr | Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title_full_unstemmed | Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title_short | Links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of Estonia |
title_sort | links between the concentrations of gaseous pollutants measured in different regions of estonia |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560877/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36258698 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11869-022-01261-5 |
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