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Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants

Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease in apple and pear trees. Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone family antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase, has been employed to control fire blight in South Korea since 2015. The continuous use of this bactericide has resulted in the em...

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Autores principales: Ham, Hyeonheui, Oh, Ga-Ram, Park, Dong Suk, Lee, Yong Hoon
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36221920
http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059
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author Ham, Hyeonheui
Oh, Ga-Ram
Park, Dong Suk
Lee, Yong Hoon
author_facet Ham, Hyeonheui
Oh, Ga-Ram
Park, Dong Suk
Lee, Yong Hoon
author_sort Ham, Hyeonheui
collection PubMed
description Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease in apple and pear trees. Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone family antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase, has been employed to control fire blight in South Korea since 2015. The continuous use of this bactericide has resulted in the emergence of OA-resistant strains in bacterial pathogens in other countries. To investigate the occurrence of OA-resistant Ea strains in South Korea, we collected a total of 516 Ea isolates from diseased apple and pear trees in 2020–2021 and assessed their sensitivities to OA. We found that all isolates were susceptible to OA. To explore the possibility of emerging OA-resistant Ea by continuous application of OA, we exposed Ea stains to a range of OA concentrations and constructed OA-resistant mutant strains. Resistance was associated with mutations in the GyrA at codons 81 and 83, which result in glycine to cysteine and serine to arginine amino acid substitutions, respectively. The in vitro growth of the mutants in nutrient media and their virulence in immature apple fruits were lower than those of wild-type. Our results suggest that OA-resistance decreases the fitness of Ea. Future work should clarify the mechanisms by which OA-resistance decreases virulence of this plant pathogen. Continuous monitoring of OA-resistance in Ea is required to maintain the efficacy of this potent bactericide.
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spelling pubmed-95611532022-10-20 Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants Ham, Hyeonheui Oh, Ga-Ram Park, Dong Suk Lee, Yong Hoon Plant Pathol J Research Article Fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora (Ea) is a devastating disease in apple and pear trees. Oxolinic acid (OA), a quinolone family antibiotic that inhibits DNA gyrase, has been employed to control fire blight in South Korea since 2015. The continuous use of this bactericide has resulted in the emergence of OA-resistant strains in bacterial pathogens in other countries. To investigate the occurrence of OA-resistant Ea strains in South Korea, we collected a total of 516 Ea isolates from diseased apple and pear trees in 2020–2021 and assessed their sensitivities to OA. We found that all isolates were susceptible to OA. To explore the possibility of emerging OA-resistant Ea by continuous application of OA, we exposed Ea stains to a range of OA concentrations and constructed OA-resistant mutant strains. Resistance was associated with mutations in the GyrA at codons 81 and 83, which result in glycine to cysteine and serine to arginine amino acid substitutions, respectively. The in vitro growth of the mutants in nutrient media and their virulence in immature apple fruits were lower than those of wild-type. Our results suggest that OA-resistance decreases the fitness of Ea. Future work should clarify the mechanisms by which OA-resistance decreases virulence of this plant pathogen. Continuous monitoring of OA-resistance in Ea is required to maintain the efficacy of this potent bactericide. Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2022-10 2022-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9561153/ /pubmed/36221920 http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059 Text en © The Korean Society of Plant Pathology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) ) which permits unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ham, Hyeonheui
Oh, Ga-Ram
Park, Dong Suk
Lee, Yong Hoon
Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title_full Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title_fullStr Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title_full_unstemmed Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title_short Survey of Oxolinic Acid-Resistant Erwinia amylovora in Korean Apple and Pear Orchards, and the Fitness Impact of Constructed Mutants
title_sort survey of oxolinic acid-resistant erwinia amylovora in korean apple and pear orchards, and the fitness impact of constructed mutants
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561153/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36221920
http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2022.0059
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