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Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration

Every year, about 700,000 youth arrests occur in the United States, creating significant neurodevelopmental strain; this is especially concerning as most of these youth have early life adversity exposures that may alter brain development. Males, Black, and Latinx youth, and individuals from low soci...

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Autores principales: Orendain, Natalia, Galván, Adriana, Smith, Emma, Barnert, Elizabeth S., Chung, Paul J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248654
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1004335
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author Orendain, Natalia
Galván, Adriana
Smith, Emma
Barnert, Elizabeth S.
Chung, Paul J.
author_facet Orendain, Natalia
Galván, Adriana
Smith, Emma
Barnert, Elizabeth S.
Chung, Paul J.
author_sort Orendain, Natalia
collection PubMed
description Every year, about 700,000 youth arrests occur in the United States, creating significant neurodevelopmental strain; this is especially concerning as most of these youth have early life adversity exposures that may alter brain development. Males, Black, and Latinx youth, and individuals from low socioeconomic status households have disproportionate contact with the juvenile justice system (JJS). Youth confined in the JJS are frequently exposed to threat and abuse, in addition to separation from family and other social supports. Youths’ educational and exploratory behaviors and activities are substantially restricted, and youth are confined to sterile environments that often lack sufficient enrichment resources. In addition to their demonstrated ineffectiveness in preventing future delinquent behaviors, high recidivism rates, and costs, juvenile conditions of confinement likely exacerbate youths’ adversity burden and neurodevelopmentally harm youth during the temporally sensitive window of adolescence. Developmentally appropriate methods that capitalize on adolescents’ unique rehabilitative potential should be instated through interventions that minimize confinement. Such changes would require joint advocacy from the pediatric and behavioral health care communities. “The distinct nature of children, their initial dependent, and developmental state, their unique human potential as well as their vulnerability, all demand the need for more, rather than less, legal and other protection from all forms of violence (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2007).”
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spelling pubmed-95613432022-10-15 Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration Orendain, Natalia Galván, Adriana Smith, Emma Barnert, Elizabeth S. Chung, Paul J. Front Neurosci Neuroscience Every year, about 700,000 youth arrests occur in the United States, creating significant neurodevelopmental strain; this is especially concerning as most of these youth have early life adversity exposures that may alter brain development. Males, Black, and Latinx youth, and individuals from low socioeconomic status households have disproportionate contact with the juvenile justice system (JJS). Youth confined in the JJS are frequently exposed to threat and abuse, in addition to separation from family and other social supports. Youths’ educational and exploratory behaviors and activities are substantially restricted, and youth are confined to sterile environments that often lack sufficient enrichment resources. In addition to their demonstrated ineffectiveness in preventing future delinquent behaviors, high recidivism rates, and costs, juvenile conditions of confinement likely exacerbate youths’ adversity burden and neurodevelopmentally harm youth during the temporally sensitive window of adolescence. Developmentally appropriate methods that capitalize on adolescents’ unique rehabilitative potential should be instated through interventions that minimize confinement. Such changes would require joint advocacy from the pediatric and behavioral health care communities. “The distinct nature of children, their initial dependent, and developmental state, their unique human potential as well as their vulnerability, all demand the need for more, rather than less, legal and other protection from all forms of violence (United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, 2007).” Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9561343/ /pubmed/36248654 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1004335 Text en Copyright © 2022 Orendain, Galván, Smith, Barnert and Chung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Orendain, Natalia
Galván, Adriana
Smith, Emma
Barnert, Elizabeth S.
Chung, Paul J.
Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title_full Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title_fullStr Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title_full_unstemmed Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title_short Juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: A neurobiological impetus for decarceration
title_sort juvenile confinement exacerbates adversity burden: a neurobiological impetus for decarceration
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9561343/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36248654
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2022.1004335
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