Coemissive luminescent nanoparticles combining aggregation-induced emission and quenching dyes prepared in continuous flow

Achieving an ideal light-harvesting system at a low cost remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of a hybrid dye system based on tetraphenylene (TPE) encapsulated organic dyes in a continuous flow microreactor. The composite dye nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized based on supramolecular self-assembly to achieve the co-emission of aggregation-induced emission dyes and aggregation-caused quenching dyes (CEAA). Numerical simulations and molecular spectroscopy were used to investigate the synthesis mechanism of the CEAA dyes. Nanoparticles of CEAA dyes provide a platform for efficient cascade Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Composite dye nanoparticles of TPE and Nile red (NiR) are synthesized for an ideal light-harvesting system using coumarin 6 (C-6) as an energy intermediate. The light-harvesting system has a considerable red-shift distance (~126 nm), high energy-transfer efficiency (Φ(ET)) of 99.37%, and an antenna effect of 26.23. Finally, the versatility of the preparation method and the diversity of CEAA dyes are demonstrated.