MAPK Signaling Pathway in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Targeted Therapy

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The aim of the present review was to summarize our studies on the signaling pathways in cancer types that are involved in the development of oral cancer and several mitogen-activated protein kinase-related molecular targeting technologies combined with immune checkpoint therapies to provide new therapeutic strategies for oral squamous cell carcinoma. In addition, we have provided a reasonable outlook, with a systematic basis, for future diagnosis and accurate treatment. ABSTRACT: Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cases. It is highly malignant and aggressive, with a poor prognosis and a 5-year survival rate of <50%. In recent years, basic and clinical studies have been performed on the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in oral cancer. The MAPK signaling pathway is activated in over 50% of human oral cancer cases. Herein, we review research progress on the MAPK signaling pathway and its potential therapeutic mechanisms and discuss its molecular targeting to explore its potential as a therapeutic strategy for oral squamous cell carcinoma.