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A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era
The microfossil record demonstrates the presence of eukaryotic organisms in the marine ecosystem by about 1,700 million years ago (Ma). Despite this, steranes, a biomarker indicator of eukaryotic organisms, do not appear in the rock record until about 780 Ma in what is known as the “rise of algae.”...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
National Academy of Sciences
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122042119 |
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author | Eckford-Soper, Lisa K. Andersen, Ken H. Hansen, Trine Frisbæk Canfield, Donald E. |
author_facet | Eckford-Soper, Lisa K. Andersen, Ken H. Hansen, Trine Frisbæk Canfield, Donald E. |
author_sort | Eckford-Soper, Lisa K. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The microfossil record demonstrates the presence of eukaryotic organisms in the marine ecosystem by about 1,700 million years ago (Ma). Despite this, steranes, a biomarker indicator of eukaryotic organisms, do not appear in the rock record until about 780 Ma in what is known as the “rise of algae.” Before this, it is argued that eukaryotes were minor ecosystem members, with prokaryotes dominating both primary production and ecosystem dynamics. In this view, the rise of algae was possibly sparked by increased nutrient availability supplying the higher nutrient requirements of eukaryotic algae. Here, we challenge this view. We use a size-based ecosystem model to show that the size distribution of preserved eukaryotic microfossils from 1,700 Ma and onward required an active eukaryote ecosystem complete with phototrophy, osmotrophy, phagotrophy, and mixotrophy. Model results suggest that eukaryotes accounted for one-half or more of the living biomass, with eukaryotic algae contributing to about one-half of total marine primary production. These ecosystems lived with deep-water phosphate levels of at least 10% of modern levels. The general lack of steranes in the pre–780-Ma rock record could be a result of poor preservation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9564328 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | National Academy of Sciences |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95643282023-04-03 A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era Eckford-Soper, Lisa K. Andersen, Ken H. Hansen, Trine Frisbæk Canfield, Donald E. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Physical Sciences The microfossil record demonstrates the presence of eukaryotic organisms in the marine ecosystem by about 1,700 million years ago (Ma). Despite this, steranes, a biomarker indicator of eukaryotic organisms, do not appear in the rock record until about 780 Ma in what is known as the “rise of algae.” Before this, it is argued that eukaryotes were minor ecosystem members, with prokaryotes dominating both primary production and ecosystem dynamics. In this view, the rise of algae was possibly sparked by increased nutrient availability supplying the higher nutrient requirements of eukaryotic algae. Here, we challenge this view. We use a size-based ecosystem model to show that the size distribution of preserved eukaryotic microfossils from 1,700 Ma and onward required an active eukaryote ecosystem complete with phototrophy, osmotrophy, phagotrophy, and mixotrophy. Model results suggest that eukaryotes accounted for one-half or more of the living biomass, with eukaryotic algae contributing to about one-half of total marine primary production. These ecosystems lived with deep-water phosphate levels of at least 10% of modern levels. The general lack of steranes in the pre–780-Ma rock record could be a result of poor preservation. National Academy of Sciences 2022-10-03 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9564328/ /pubmed/36191216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122042119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Physical Sciences Eckford-Soper, Lisa K. Andersen, Ken H. Hansen, Trine Frisbæk Canfield, Donald E. A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title | A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title_full | A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title_fullStr | A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title_full_unstemmed | A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title_short | A case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the Proterozoic era |
title_sort | case for an active eukaryotic marine biosphere during the proterozoic era |
topic | Physical Sciences |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564328/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191216 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2122042119 |
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