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From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures

In honor cultures, relatively minor disputes can escalate, making numerous forms of aggression widespread. We find evidence that honor cultures’ focus on virility impedes a key conflict de-escalation strategy—apology—that can be successfully promoted through a shift in mindset. Across five studies u...

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Autores principales: Lin, Ying, Caluori, Nava, Öztürk, Engin Bağış, Gelfand, Michele J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: National Academy of Sciences 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210324119
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author Lin, Ying
Caluori, Nava
Öztürk, Engin Bağış
Gelfand, Michele J.
author_facet Lin, Ying
Caluori, Nava
Öztürk, Engin Bağış
Gelfand, Michele J.
author_sort Lin, Ying
collection PubMed
description In honor cultures, relatively minor disputes can escalate, making numerous forms of aggression widespread. We find evidence that honor cultures’ focus on virility impedes a key conflict de-escalation strategy—apology—that can be successfully promoted through a shift in mindset. Across five studies using mixed methods (text analysis of congressional speeches, a cross-cultural comparison, surveys, and experiments), people from honor societies (e.g., Turkey and US honor states), people who endorse honor values, and people who imagine living in a society with strong honor norms are less willing to apologize for their transgressions (studies 1–4). This apology reluctance is driven by concerns about reputation in honor cultures. Notably, honor is achieved not only by upholding strength and reputation (virility) but also through moral integrity (virtue). The dual focus of honor suggests a potential mechanism for promoting apologies: shifting the focus of honor from reputation to moral integrity. Indeed, we find that such a shift led people in honor cultures to perceive apologizing more positively and apologize more (study 5). By identifying a barrier to apologizing in honor cultures and illustrating ways to overcome it, our research provides insights for deploying culturally intelligent conflict-management strategies in such contexts.
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spelling pubmed-95649222022-10-15 From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures Lin, Ying Caluori, Nava Öztürk, Engin Bağış Gelfand, Michele J. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Social Sciences In honor cultures, relatively minor disputes can escalate, making numerous forms of aggression widespread. We find evidence that honor cultures’ focus on virility impedes a key conflict de-escalation strategy—apology—that can be successfully promoted through a shift in mindset. Across five studies using mixed methods (text analysis of congressional speeches, a cross-cultural comparison, surveys, and experiments), people from honor societies (e.g., Turkey and US honor states), people who endorse honor values, and people who imagine living in a society with strong honor norms are less willing to apologize for their transgressions (studies 1–4). This apology reluctance is driven by concerns about reputation in honor cultures. Notably, honor is achieved not only by upholding strength and reputation (virility) but also through moral integrity (virtue). The dual focus of honor suggests a potential mechanism for promoting apologies: shifting the focus of honor from reputation to moral integrity. Indeed, we find that such a shift led people in honor cultures to perceive apologizing more positively and apologize more (study 5). By identifying a barrier to apologizing in honor cultures and illustrating ways to overcome it, our research provides insights for deploying culturally intelligent conflict-management strategies in such contexts. National Academy of Sciences 2022-10-03 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9564922/ /pubmed/36191220 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210324119 Text en Copyright © 2022 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This open access article is distributed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Social Sciences
Lin, Ying
Caluori, Nava
Öztürk, Engin Bağış
Gelfand, Michele J.
From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title_full From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title_fullStr From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title_full_unstemmed From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title_short From virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
title_sort from virility to virtue: the psychology of apology in honor cultures
topic Social Sciences
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564922/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36191220
http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2210324119
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