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A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs
With rising numbers of drug-related deaths in the UK and globally, exploration of interventions that seek to reduce drug-related harm is essential. Drug checking services (DCS) allow people to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and receive feedback about the sample, as well as harm reduction...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911960 |
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author | Masterton, Wendy Falzon, Danilo Burton, Gillian Carver, Hannah Wallace, Bruce Aston, Elizabeth V. Sumnall, Harry Measham, Fiona Gittins, Rosalind Craik, Vicki Schofield, Joe Little, Simon Parkes, Tessa |
author_facet | Masterton, Wendy Falzon, Danilo Burton, Gillian Carver, Hannah Wallace, Bruce Aston, Elizabeth V. Sumnall, Harry Measham, Fiona Gittins, Rosalind Craik, Vicki Schofield, Joe Little, Simon Parkes, Tessa |
author_sort | Masterton, Wendy |
collection | PubMed |
description | With rising numbers of drug-related deaths in the UK and globally, exploration of interventions that seek to reduce drug-related harm is essential. Drug checking services (DCS) allow people to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and receive feedback about the sample, as well as harm reduction advice. The use of DCS is often linked to festival and/or nightlife settings and to so-called ‘recreational’ drug use, but research has also shown the potential of community-based DCS as an intervention serving more varied demographics of people who use drugs, including more marginalised individuals and those experiencing drug dependence. Whilst there is a growing evidence base on the effectiveness of drug checking as a harm reduction intervention, there is still limited evidence of the underlying mechanisms and processes within DCS which may aid implementation and subsequent engagement of people who use drugs. This presents a challenge to understanding why engagement differs across types of DCS, and how best to develop and deliver services across different contexts and for different populations. To explore the contexts and mechanisms which impact engagement in community-based DCS, a realist review was undertaken to synthesise the international evidence for the delivery and implementation of DCS. There were 133 sources included in the review. From these sources the underlying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes relating to DCS implementation and engagement were developed and refined into seven programme theories. The findings of this review are theoretically novel and hold practical relevance for the design of DCS, with implications for optimisation, tailoring, and implementing services to reach individuals in different settings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9564958 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95649582022-10-15 A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs Masterton, Wendy Falzon, Danilo Burton, Gillian Carver, Hannah Wallace, Bruce Aston, Elizabeth V. Sumnall, Harry Measham, Fiona Gittins, Rosalind Craik, Vicki Schofield, Joe Little, Simon Parkes, Tessa Int J Environ Res Public Health Review With rising numbers of drug-related deaths in the UK and globally, exploration of interventions that seek to reduce drug-related harm is essential. Drug checking services (DCS) allow people to submit drug samples for chemical analysis and receive feedback about the sample, as well as harm reduction advice. The use of DCS is often linked to festival and/or nightlife settings and to so-called ‘recreational’ drug use, but research has also shown the potential of community-based DCS as an intervention serving more varied demographics of people who use drugs, including more marginalised individuals and those experiencing drug dependence. Whilst there is a growing evidence base on the effectiveness of drug checking as a harm reduction intervention, there is still limited evidence of the underlying mechanisms and processes within DCS which may aid implementation and subsequent engagement of people who use drugs. This presents a challenge to understanding why engagement differs across types of DCS, and how best to develop and deliver services across different contexts and for different populations. To explore the contexts and mechanisms which impact engagement in community-based DCS, a realist review was undertaken to synthesise the international evidence for the delivery and implementation of DCS. There were 133 sources included in the review. From these sources the underlying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes relating to DCS implementation and engagement were developed and refined into seven programme theories. The findings of this review are theoretically novel and hold practical relevance for the design of DCS, with implications for optimisation, tailoring, and implementing services to reach individuals in different settings. MDPI 2022-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9564958/ /pubmed/36231262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911960 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Masterton, Wendy Falzon, Danilo Burton, Gillian Carver, Hannah Wallace, Bruce Aston, Elizabeth V. Sumnall, Harry Measham, Fiona Gittins, Rosalind Craik, Vicki Schofield, Joe Little, Simon Parkes, Tessa A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title | A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title_full | A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title_fullStr | A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title_full_unstemmed | A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title_short | A Realist Review of How Community-Based Drug Checking Services Could Be Designed and Implemented to Promote Engagement of People Who Use Drugs |
title_sort | realist review of how community-based drug checking services could be designed and implemented to promote engagement of people who use drugs |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564958/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231262 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911960 |
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