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Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey
Medical expenses, especially among middle-aged and elderly people, have increased in China over recent decades. However, few studies have analyzed the concentration or persistence of medical expenses among Chinese residents or vulnerable groups with longitudinal survey data. Based on the data of CHA...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564963/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912843 |
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author | Jiang, Luyan Qiu, Qianqian Zhu, Lin Wang, Zhonghua |
author_facet | Jiang, Luyan Qiu, Qianqian Zhu, Lin Wang, Zhonghua |
author_sort | Jiang, Luyan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Medical expenses, especially among middle-aged and elderly people, have increased in China over recent decades. However, few studies have analyzed the concentration or persistence of medical expenses among Chinese residents or vulnerable groups with longitudinal survey data. Based on the data of CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), this study sought to identify characteristics associated with the concentration and persistence of medical expenses among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults and to help alleviate medical spending and the operational risk of social medical insurance. Concentration was measured using the cumulative percentages of ranked annual medical expenses and descriptive statistics were used to define the characteristics of individuals with high medical expenses. The persistence of medical expenses and associated factors were estimated using transfer rate calculations and Heckman selection modeling. The results show that total medical expenses were concentrated among a few adults and the concentration increased over time. People in the high medical expense group were more likely to be older, live in urban areas, be less wealthy, have chronic diseases, and attend higher-ranking medical institutions. Lagged medical expenses had a persistent positive effect on current medical expenses and the effect of a one-period lag was strongest. Individuals with chronic diseases during the lagged period had a higher likelihood of experiencing persistent medical expenses. Policy efforts should focus on preventive management, more efficient care systems, improvement of serious illness insurance level, and strengthening the persistent protection effect of social medical insurance to reduce the high medical financial risk and long-term financial healthcare burden in China. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9564963 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95649632022-10-15 Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey Jiang, Luyan Qiu, Qianqian Zhu, Lin Wang, Zhonghua Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Medical expenses, especially among middle-aged and elderly people, have increased in China over recent decades. However, few studies have analyzed the concentration or persistence of medical expenses among Chinese residents or vulnerable groups with longitudinal survey data. Based on the data of CHARLS (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), this study sought to identify characteristics associated with the concentration and persistence of medical expenses among Chinese middle-aged and elderly adults and to help alleviate medical spending and the operational risk of social medical insurance. Concentration was measured using the cumulative percentages of ranked annual medical expenses and descriptive statistics were used to define the characteristics of individuals with high medical expenses. The persistence of medical expenses and associated factors were estimated using transfer rate calculations and Heckman selection modeling. The results show that total medical expenses were concentrated among a few adults and the concentration increased over time. People in the high medical expense group were more likely to be older, live in urban areas, be less wealthy, have chronic diseases, and attend higher-ranking medical institutions. Lagged medical expenses had a persistent positive effect on current medical expenses and the effect of a one-period lag was strongest. Individuals with chronic diseases during the lagged period had a higher likelihood of experiencing persistent medical expenses. Policy efforts should focus on preventive management, more efficient care systems, improvement of serious illness insurance level, and strengthening the persistent protection effect of social medical insurance to reduce the high medical financial risk and long-term financial healthcare burden in China. MDPI 2022-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9564963/ /pubmed/36232143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912843 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jiang, Luyan Qiu, Qianqian Zhu, Lin Wang, Zhonghua Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title | Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title_full | Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title_fullStr | Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title_full_unstemmed | Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title_short | Identifying Characteristics Associated with the Concentration and Persistence of Medical Expenses among Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey |
title_sort | identifying characteristics associated with the concentration and persistence of medical expenses among middle-aged and elderly adults: findings from the china health and retirement longitudinal survey |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9564963/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232143 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912843 |
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