Longitudinal Relationship between Cognitive Function and Health-Related Quality of Life among Middle-Aged and Older Patients with Diabetes in China: Digital Usage Behavior Differences

Background: Cognitive function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are important issues in diabetes care. According to the China Association for Aging, it is estimated that by 2030, the number of elderly people with dementia in China will reach 22 million. The World Health Organization reports that by 2044, the number of people with diabetes in China is expected to reach 175 million. Methods: Cohort analyses were conducted based on 854 diabetic patients aged ≥45 years from the third (2015) and fourth (2018) survey of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Correlation analysis, repeated-measures variance analysis, and cross-lagged panel models were used to measure the difference in digital usage behavior in the established relationship. Results: The results show that the cognitive function of middle-aged and older diabetic patients is positively correlated with HRQoL. HRQoL at T1 could significantly predict cognitive function at T2 (PCS: B = 0.12, p < 0.01; MCS: B = 0.14, p < 0.01). This relationship is more associated with individual performance than digital usage behavior. Conclusions: Unidirectional associations may exist between cognitive function and HRQoL among middle-aged and older Chinese diabetes patients. In the future, doctors and nurses can recognize the lowering of self-perceived HRQoL of middle-aged and older diabetic patients, and thus draw more attention to their cognitive function, in turn strengthening the evaluation, detection, and intervention of their cognitive function.