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High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health
Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and soil microbial communities (SMCs) are the key factors in soil health and agricultural sustainability. We hypothesized that low bioavailable carbon (C) and energy were the key limiting factors influencing soil microbial growth and developed a new fertilization system...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912212 |
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author | Shi, Feifan Zhao, Xinyue Cheng, Qilu Lin, Hui Zheng, Huabao Zhou, Qifa |
author_facet | Shi, Feifan Zhao, Xinyue Cheng, Qilu Lin, Hui Zheng, Huabao Zhou, Qifa |
author_sort | Shi, Feifan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and soil microbial communities (SMCs) are the key factors in soil health and agricultural sustainability. We hypothesized that low bioavailable carbon (C) and energy were the key limiting factors influencing soil microbial growth and developed a new fertilization system to address this: the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and high-energy-density organic amendments (HED-OAs). A microcosm soil incubation experiment and a Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis pot culture experiment were used to test the effects of this new system. Compared to mineral fertilizer application alone, the simultaneous input of fertilizers and vegetable oil (SIFVO) achieved a bacterial abundance, fungal abundance, and fungal:bacterial ratio that were two orders of magnitude higher, significantly higher organic C and nitrogen (N) content, significantly lower N loss, and nearly net-zero N(2)O emissions. We proposed an energy and nutrient threshold theory to explain the observed bacterial and fungal growth characteristics, challenging the previously established C:N ratio determination theory. Furthermore, SIFVO led to microbial community improvements (an increased fungal:bacterial ratio, enriched rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, and reduced N-transformation bacteria) that were beneficial for agricultural sustainability. A low vegetable oil rate (5 g/kg) significantly promoted Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis growth and decreased the shoot N content by 35%, while a high rate caused severe N deficiency and significantly inhibited growth of the crop, confirming the exceptionally high microbial abundance and indicating severe microbe–crop competition for nutrients in the soil. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9566092 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95660922022-10-15 High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health Shi, Feifan Zhao, Xinyue Cheng, Qilu Lin, Hui Zheng, Huabao Zhou, Qifa Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Soil microbial biomass (SMB) and soil microbial communities (SMCs) are the key factors in soil health and agricultural sustainability. We hypothesized that low bioavailable carbon (C) and energy were the key limiting factors influencing soil microbial growth and developed a new fertilization system to address this: the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers and high-energy-density organic amendments (HED-OAs). A microcosm soil incubation experiment and a Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis pot culture experiment were used to test the effects of this new system. Compared to mineral fertilizer application alone, the simultaneous input of fertilizers and vegetable oil (SIFVO) achieved a bacterial abundance, fungal abundance, and fungal:bacterial ratio that were two orders of magnitude higher, significantly higher organic C and nitrogen (N) content, significantly lower N loss, and nearly net-zero N(2)O emissions. We proposed an energy and nutrient threshold theory to explain the observed bacterial and fungal growth characteristics, challenging the previously established C:N ratio determination theory. Furthermore, SIFVO led to microbial community improvements (an increased fungal:bacterial ratio, enriched rhizosphere bacteria and fungi, and reduced N-transformation bacteria) that were beneficial for agricultural sustainability. A low vegetable oil rate (5 g/kg) significantly promoted Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis growth and decreased the shoot N content by 35%, while a high rate caused severe N deficiency and significantly inhibited growth of the crop, confirming the exceptionally high microbial abundance and indicating severe microbe–crop competition for nutrients in the soil. MDPI 2022-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9566092/ /pubmed/36231512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912212 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Shi, Feifan Zhao, Xinyue Cheng, Qilu Lin, Hui Zheng, Huabao Zhou, Qifa High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title | High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title_full | High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title_fullStr | High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title_full_unstemmed | High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title_short | High-Energy-Density Organic Amendments Enhance Soil Health |
title_sort | high-energy-density organic amendments enhance soil health |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566092/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231512 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912212 |
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