Cargando…

The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula

(1) Background: The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the squalene content in infants’ food. (2) Methods: The experimental material included human milk collected from 100 women from Poland and three different infant formulas. The breast milk fat was extracted according to the Rose–Gottlie...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Purkiewicz, Aleksandra, Czaplicki, Sylwester, Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232224
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912928
_version_ 1784809073803264000
author Purkiewicz, Aleksandra
Czaplicki, Sylwester
Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata
author_facet Purkiewicz, Aleksandra
Czaplicki, Sylwester
Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata
author_sort Purkiewicz, Aleksandra
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the squalene content in infants’ food. (2) Methods: The experimental material included human milk collected from 100 women from Poland and three different infant formulas. The breast milk fat was extracted according to the Rose–Gottlieb method (AOAC), while the squalene content was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (3) Results: The highest amount of squalene was identified in the milk of women aged 18–25 (p < 0.05), and its content in milk decreased with the age of lactating women. Moreover, the greatest amount of squalene was identified in milk from the first lactation period (colostrum), while in mature milk, its content was more than two times lower. There was a correlation between breastfeeding BMI and the squalene content in milk (r = 0.78). (4) Conclusions: The conducted research shows that the level of squalene in human milk depends on physiological factors such as the lactation period and individual factors (age, BMI). The results of the conducted research indicate that breast milk is richer in squalene than modified milk. This study shows the importance of breastfeeding and indicates the superiority of breast milk over infant formulas.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9566149
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95661492022-10-15 The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula Purkiewicz, Aleksandra Czaplicki, Sylwester Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata Int J Environ Res Public Health Article (1) Background: The aim of the conducted research was to analyze the squalene content in infants’ food. (2) Methods: The experimental material included human milk collected from 100 women from Poland and three different infant formulas. The breast milk fat was extracted according to the Rose–Gottlieb method (AOAC), while the squalene content was determined using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. (3) Results: The highest amount of squalene was identified in the milk of women aged 18–25 (p < 0.05), and its content in milk decreased with the age of lactating women. Moreover, the greatest amount of squalene was identified in milk from the first lactation period (colostrum), while in mature milk, its content was more than two times lower. There was a correlation between breastfeeding BMI and the squalene content in milk (r = 0.78). (4) Conclusions: The conducted research shows that the level of squalene in human milk depends on physiological factors such as the lactation period and individual factors (age, BMI). The results of the conducted research indicate that breast milk is richer in squalene than modified milk. This study shows the importance of breastfeeding and indicates the superiority of breast milk over infant formulas. MDPI 2022-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9566149/ /pubmed/36232224 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912928 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Purkiewicz, Aleksandra
Czaplicki, Sylwester
Pietrzak-Fiećko, Renata
The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title_full The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title_fullStr The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title_full_unstemmed The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title_short The Occurrence of Squalene in Human Milk and Infant Formula
title_sort occurrence of squalene in human milk and infant formula
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566149/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232224
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912928
work_keys_str_mv AT purkiewiczaleksandra theoccurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula
AT czaplickisylwester theoccurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula
AT pietrzakfieckorenata theoccurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula
AT purkiewiczaleksandra occurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula
AT czaplickisylwester occurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula
AT pietrzakfieckorenata occurrenceofsqualeneinhumanmilkandinfantformula