Cargando…
Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region
Background: Residents of a large area in the Veneto Region (Northeastern Italy) were exposed to drinking water contaminated by perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for decades. While exposure to PFAS has been consistently associated with elevated serum lipids, combined exposures to multiple PFASs have b...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912421 |
_version_ | 1784809118961238016 |
---|---|
author | Batzella, Erich Zare Jeddi, Maryam Pitter, Gisella Russo, Francesca Fletcher, Tony Canova, Cristina |
author_facet | Batzella, Erich Zare Jeddi, Maryam Pitter, Gisella Russo, Francesca Fletcher, Tony Canova, Cristina |
author_sort | Batzella, Erich |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Residents of a large area in the Veneto Region (Northeastern Italy) were exposed to drinking water contaminated by perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for decades. While exposure to PFAS has been consistently associated with elevated serum lipids, combined exposures to multiple PFASs have been poorly investigated. Utilising different statistical approaches, we examine the association between chemical mixtures and lipid parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the regional health surveillance program (34,633 individuals aged 20–64 years) were used to examine the combined effects of PFAS mixture (Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)) on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression, Quantile-based G-computation (Q-Gcomp) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used based on their ability to handle highly correlated chemicals. Results: We observed that each quartile increase in the WQS index was associated with an increase in the levels of TC (β: 4.09, 95% CI: 3.47–4.71), HDL-C (β: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92–1.33) and LDL-C (β: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.65–3.63). Q-Gcomp estimated that a quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with increased TC (ψ: 4.04, 95% CI 3.5–4.58), HDL-C (ψ: 1.07, 95% CI 20.87–1.27) and LDL-C (ψ: 2.71, 95% CI 2.23–3.19). In the BKMR analysis, the effect of PFAS mixture on serum lipids increased significantly when their concentrations were at their 75th percentiles or above, compared to those at their 50th percentile. All methods revealed a major contribution of PFOS and PFNA, although the main exposure was due to PFOA. We found suggestive evidence that associations varied when stratified by gender. Conclusions: The PFAS mixture was positively associated with lipid parameters, regardless of the applied method. Very similar results obtained from the three methods may be attributed to the linear positive association with the outcomes and no interaction between each PFAS. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9566306 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95663062022-10-15 Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region Batzella, Erich Zare Jeddi, Maryam Pitter, Gisella Russo, Francesca Fletcher, Tony Canova, Cristina Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Background: Residents of a large area in the Veneto Region (Northeastern Italy) were exposed to drinking water contaminated by perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for decades. While exposure to PFAS has been consistently associated with elevated serum lipids, combined exposures to multiple PFASs have been poorly investigated. Utilising different statistical approaches, we examine the association between chemical mixtures and lipid parameters. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the regional health surveillance program (34,633 individuals aged 20–64 years) were used to examine the combined effects of PFAS mixture (Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)) on total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression, Quantile-based G-computation (Q-Gcomp) and Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) were used based on their ability to handle highly correlated chemicals. Results: We observed that each quartile increase in the WQS index was associated with an increase in the levels of TC (β: 4.09, 95% CI: 3.47–4.71), HDL-C (β: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.92–1.33) and LDL-C (β: 3.14, 95% CI: 2.65–3.63). Q-Gcomp estimated that a quartile increase in the PFAS mixture was associated with increased TC (ψ: 4.04, 95% CI 3.5–4.58), HDL-C (ψ: 1.07, 95% CI 20.87–1.27) and LDL-C (ψ: 2.71, 95% CI 2.23–3.19). In the BKMR analysis, the effect of PFAS mixture on serum lipids increased significantly when their concentrations were at their 75th percentiles or above, compared to those at their 50th percentile. All methods revealed a major contribution of PFOS and PFNA, although the main exposure was due to PFOA. We found suggestive evidence that associations varied when stratified by gender. Conclusions: The PFAS mixture was positively associated with lipid parameters, regardless of the applied method. Very similar results obtained from the three methods may be attributed to the linear positive association with the outcomes and no interaction between each PFAS. MDPI 2022-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9566306/ /pubmed/36231722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912421 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Batzella, Erich Zare Jeddi, Maryam Pitter, Gisella Russo, Francesca Fletcher, Tony Canova, Cristina Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title | Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title_full | Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title_fullStr | Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title_full_unstemmed | Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title_short | Associations between Mixture of Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Lipid Profile in a Highly Exposed Adult Community in the Veneto Region |
title_sort | associations between mixture of perfluoroalkyl substances and lipid profile in a highly exposed adult community in the veneto region |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566306/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231722 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912421 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT batzellaerich associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion AT zarejeddimaryam associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion AT pittergisella associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion AT russofrancesca associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion AT fletchertony associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion AT canovacristina associationsbetweenmixtureofperfluoroalkylsubstancesandlipidprofileinahighlyexposedadultcommunityinthevenetoregion |