Using Concept Mapping to Define Indigenous Housing First in Hamilton, Ontario

Background: The lasting impact of colonization contributes to the disproportionate rates of homelessness experienced by Indigenous people in Canada. Methods: This study used participatory mixed methods to evaluate an urban, Indigenous-led Housing First program in Ontario to fill knowledge gaps on wise practices addressing the unique dimensions of Indigenous homelessness. Using concept mapping, staff perspectives were engaged to generate 65 unique statements describing program delivery and their interrelationships using a six-cluster map. Results: ‘Team’s Professional Skills’ and ‘Spiritual Practices’ rated high in importance (mean = 4.75 and 4.73, respectively), and feasibility (mean = 4.31 and 4.33, respectively). While fairly important, ‘Partnerships and Agency Supports’ was ranked least feasible (mean = 3.89). On average, clusters rated higher in importance than feasibility. Conclusion: Concept mapping draws from local knowledge, elicits strong engagement, and captured the holistic and client-centred approach of an Indigenous Housing First Model.