Analysis of Vertical Distribution Changes and Influencing Factors of Tropospheric Ozone in China from 2005 to 2020 Based on Multi-Source Data

The vertical distribution of the tropospheric ozone column concentration (OCC) in China from 2005 to 2020 was analysed based on the ozone profile product of the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI). The annual average OCC in the lower troposphere (OCC(LT)) showed an increasing trend, with an average annual increase of 0.143 DU. The OCC in the middle troposphere showed a downward trend, with an average annual decrease of 0.091 DU. There was a significant negative correlation between the ozone changes in the two layers. The monthly average results show that the peak values of OCC(LT) occur in May or June, the middle troposphere is significantly influenced by topographic conditions, and the upper troposphere is mainly affected by latitude. Analysis based on multi-source data shows that the reduction in nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and the increase in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) weakened the titration of ozone generation, resulting in the increase in OCC(LT). The increase in vegetation is closely related to the increase in OCC(LT), with a correlation coefficient of up to 0.875. The near-surface temperature increased significantly, which strengthened the photochemical reaction of ozone. In addition, the increase in boundary layer height also plays a positive role in the increase in OCC(LT).