Cargando…

Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan

Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) curves are widely used for detecting children with stunting. The aim of this study was to provide smoothed HAZ growth reference values and their curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years. The prevalence of stunting in Pakistani children was determined...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Asif, Muhammad, Aslam, Muhammad, Mazhar, Iqra, Ali, Hamza, Ismail, Tariq, Matłosz, Piotr, Wyszyńska, Justyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912630
_version_ 1784809225911795712
author Asif, Muhammad
Aslam, Muhammad
Mazhar, Iqra
Ali, Hamza
Ismail, Tariq
Matłosz, Piotr
Wyszyńska, Justyna
author_facet Asif, Muhammad
Aslam, Muhammad
Mazhar, Iqra
Ali, Hamza
Ismail, Tariq
Matłosz, Piotr
Wyszyńska, Justyna
author_sort Asif, Muhammad
collection PubMed
description Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) curves are widely used for detecting children with stunting. The aim of this study was to provide smoothed HAZ growth reference values and their curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years. The prevalence of stunting in Pakistani children was determined. A total of 10,668 healthy Pakistani participants were included. Information related to age, sex, city of residence and height (cm) was used. Age- and sex-specific smoothed HAZ growth reference values and associated graphs were obtained using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. The prevalence of stunting was calculated by applying WHO 2007 and USCDC 2000 height-for-age references and local reference of the study population. In both sexes, the smoothed HAZ curves increased with age. For 2 and 3 years of age, the height values of the girls were greater than those of the boys. The boys were then taller than the girls. Comparing our median height (z = 0) growth reference data from WHO, USCDC and corresponding data from other countries, Pakistani children and adolescents have significantly different reference values than their counterparts in the reference group. A marked overestimation of the prevalence of stunting was observed (10.8% and 17.9% according to WHO and USCDC, respectively) compared to the local reference (3.0%). It is recommended that the prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents is determined by applying local height growth references to plan health strategies and treatments in the local population.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9566739
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95667392022-10-15 Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan Asif, Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Mazhar, Iqra Ali, Hamza Ismail, Tariq Matłosz, Piotr Wyszyńska, Justyna Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) curves are widely used for detecting children with stunting. The aim of this study was to provide smoothed HAZ growth reference values and their curves for Pakistani children and adolescents aged 2–18 years. The prevalence of stunting in Pakistani children was determined. A total of 10,668 healthy Pakistani participants were included. Information related to age, sex, city of residence and height (cm) was used. Age- and sex-specific smoothed HAZ growth reference values and associated graphs were obtained using the lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. The prevalence of stunting was calculated by applying WHO 2007 and USCDC 2000 height-for-age references and local reference of the study population. In both sexes, the smoothed HAZ curves increased with age. For 2 and 3 years of age, the height values of the girls were greater than those of the boys. The boys were then taller than the girls. Comparing our median height (z = 0) growth reference data from WHO, USCDC and corresponding data from other countries, Pakistani children and adolescents have significantly different reference values than their counterparts in the reference group. A marked overestimation of the prevalence of stunting was observed (10.8% and 17.9% according to WHO and USCDC, respectively) compared to the local reference (3.0%). It is recommended that the prevalence of stunting in children and adolescents is determined by applying local height growth references to plan health strategies and treatments in the local population. MDPI 2022-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9566739/ /pubmed/36231930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912630 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Asif, Muhammad
Aslam, Muhammad
Mazhar, Iqra
Ali, Hamza
Ismail, Tariq
Matłosz, Piotr
Wyszyńska, Justyna
Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title_full Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title_fullStr Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title_full_unstemmed Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title_short Establishing Height-for-Age Z-Score Growth Reference Curves and Stunting Prevalence in Children and Adolescents in Pakistan
title_sort establishing height-for-age z-score growth reference curves and stunting prevalence in children and adolescents in pakistan
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9566739/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36231930
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912630
work_keys_str_mv AT asifmuhammad establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT aslammuhammad establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT mazhariqra establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT alihamza establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT ismailtariq establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT matłoszpiotr establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan
AT wyszynskajustyna establishingheightforagezscoregrowthreferencecurvesandstuntingprevalenceinchildrenandadolescentsinpakistan