Cargando…
Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis reveale...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569544/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279 |
_version_ | 1784809880512626688 |
---|---|
author | Lin, Pingdong Chen, Lifei Huang, Xiaojing Xiao, Fangnan Fu, Lei Jing, Dingding Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Sun, Lifang Wu, Yunkun |
author_facet | Lin, Pingdong Chen, Lifei Huang, Xiaojing Xiao, Fangnan Fu, Lei Jing, Dingding Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Sun, Lifang Wu, Yunkun |
author_sort | Lin, Pingdong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed 4-GalpA (74.8%) to be the major sugar residue in GP2a. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that its main chain comprised →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with galactan and arabinans linked to the C-4 position of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residue as branched chains. Furthermore, GP2a showed no obvious toxicity to macrophages (RAW 264.7) while enhancing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with untreated cells, nitric oxide production and secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, in GP2a-treated cells significantly increased after 48 h. At 300 µg/mL GP2a concentration, there was no significant difference in the cytokine levels in GP2a- and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells (the positive control). In summary, GP2a is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I structural regions in the main chain. Based on its immunomodulatory effects in vitro, GP2a may have potential uses in functional food and medicine. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9569544 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95695442022-10-17 Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages Lin, Pingdong Chen, Lifei Huang, Xiaojing Xiao, Fangnan Fu, Lei Jing, Dingding Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Sun, Lifang Wu, Yunkun Int J Mol Sci Article Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed 4-GalpA (74.8%) to be the major sugar residue in GP2a. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that its main chain comprised →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with galactan and arabinans linked to the C-4 position of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residue as branched chains. Furthermore, GP2a showed no obvious toxicity to macrophages (RAW 264.7) while enhancing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with untreated cells, nitric oxide production and secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, in GP2a-treated cells significantly increased after 48 h. At 300 µg/mL GP2a concentration, there was no significant difference in the cytokine levels in GP2a- and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells (the positive control). In summary, GP2a is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I structural regions in the main chain. Based on its immunomodulatory effects in vitro, GP2a may have potential uses in functional food and medicine. MDPI 2022-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9569544/ /pubmed/36232580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Lin, Pingdong Chen, Lifei Huang, Xiaojing Xiao, Fangnan Fu, Lei Jing, Dingding Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Sun, Lifang Wu, Yunkun Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title | Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title_full | Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title_fullStr | Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title_short | Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages |
title_sort | structural characteristics of polysaccharide gp2a in gardenia jasminoides and its immunomodulatory effect on macrophages |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569544/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT linpingdong structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT chenlifei structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT huangxiaojing structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT xiaofangnan structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT fulei structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT jingdingding structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT wangjingjing structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT zhanghong structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT sunlifang structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages AT wuyunkun structuralcharacteristicsofpolysaccharidegp2aingardeniajasminoidesanditsimmunomodulatoryeffectonmacrophages |