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Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages

Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis reveale...

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Autores principales: Lin, Pingdong, Chen, Lifei, Huang, Xiaojing, Xiao, Fangnan, Fu, Lei, Jing, Dingding, Wang, Jingjing, Zhang, Hong, Sun, Lifang, Wu, Yunkun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279
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author Lin, Pingdong
Chen, Lifei
Huang, Xiaojing
Xiao, Fangnan
Fu, Lei
Jing, Dingding
Wang, Jingjing
Zhang, Hong
Sun, Lifang
Wu, Yunkun
author_facet Lin, Pingdong
Chen, Lifei
Huang, Xiaojing
Xiao, Fangnan
Fu, Lei
Jing, Dingding
Wang, Jingjing
Zhang, Hong
Sun, Lifang
Wu, Yunkun
author_sort Lin, Pingdong
collection PubMed
description Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed 4-GalpA (74.8%) to be the major sugar residue in GP2a. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that its main chain comprised →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with galactan and arabinans linked to the C-4 position of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residue as branched chains. Furthermore, GP2a showed no obvious toxicity to macrophages (RAW 264.7) while enhancing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with untreated cells, nitric oxide production and secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, in GP2a-treated cells significantly increased after 48 h. At 300 µg/mL GP2a concentration, there was no significant difference in the cytokine levels in GP2a- and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells (the positive control). In summary, GP2a is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I structural regions in the main chain. Based on its immunomodulatory effects in vitro, GP2a may have potential uses in functional food and medicine.
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spelling pubmed-95695442022-10-17 Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages Lin, Pingdong Chen, Lifei Huang, Xiaojing Xiao, Fangnan Fu, Lei Jing, Dingding Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Hong Sun, Lifang Wu, Yunkun Int J Mol Sci Article Here, we elucidated the structural characteristics of a polysaccharide isolated from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis (labeled as GP2a) and its immunomodulatory activity. GP2a is an acidic polysaccharide with a molecular weight of 44.8 kDa, mostly comprising galacturonic acid. Methylation analysis revealed 4-GalpA (74.8%) to be the major sugar residue in GP2a. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that its main chain comprised →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→4)-α-D-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-D-GalpA-6-OMe-(1→2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with galactan and arabinans linked to the C-4 position of →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→ residue as branched chains. Furthermore, GP2a showed no obvious toxicity to macrophages (RAW 264.7) while enhancing cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Compared with untreated cells, nitric oxide production and secretion of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, in GP2a-treated cells significantly increased after 48 h. At 300 µg/mL GP2a concentration, there was no significant difference in the cytokine levels in GP2a- and lipopolysaccharide-treated cells (the positive control). In summary, GP2a is a pectic polysaccharide with homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan-I structural regions in the main chain. Based on its immunomodulatory effects in vitro, GP2a may have potential uses in functional food and medicine. MDPI 2022-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC9569544/ /pubmed/36232580 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lin, Pingdong
Chen, Lifei
Huang, Xiaojing
Xiao, Fangnan
Fu, Lei
Jing, Dingding
Wang, Jingjing
Zhang, Hong
Sun, Lifang
Wu, Yunkun
Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title_full Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title_fullStr Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title_short Structural Characteristics of Polysaccharide GP2a in Gardenia jasminoides and Its Immunomodulatory Effect on Macrophages
title_sort structural characteristics of polysaccharide gp2a in gardenia jasminoides and its immunomodulatory effect on macrophages
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569544/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232580
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911279
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