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Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2
The aim of this study is to assess the synthesis of kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in the serum of patients with COVID-19. All the 120 serum samples were collected from patients with COVID-19 and from healthy controls (vaccinated and non-vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2). FLCs, IgG t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911589 |
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author | Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika Moniuszko-Malinowska, Anna Pączek, Sara Guziejko, Katarzyna Chorąży, Monika Mroczko, Barbara |
author_facet | Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika Moniuszko-Malinowska, Anna Pączek, Sara Guziejko, Katarzyna Chorąży, Monika Mroczko, Barbara |
author_sort | Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this study is to assess the synthesis of kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in the serum of patients with COVID-19. All the 120 serum samples were collected from patients with COVID-19 and from healthy controls (vaccinated and non-vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2). FLCs, IgG total, IgG4, IgG anti-Nucleocapsid (N), anti-spike S1 receptor binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies and IL-6 were measured according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The concentrations of anti-N IgG, IgG total, IgG4 and IL-6 were elevated in the COVID-19 group in comparison to the vaccinated and non-vaccinated controls. The levels of anti-S-RBD IgG and κFLC were increased in COVID-19 and healthy vaccinated patients when compared to non-vaccinated controls. λFLC concentration was higher in the COVID-19 group than in the non-vaccinated group. The κ:λ ratio was lower in both COVID-19 and non-vaccinated groups in comparison to vaccinated controls. κFLC correlated with all tested parameters (anti-S-RBD IgG, anti-N IgG, λFLC, κ:λ ratio, IgG total, IgG4 and IL-6) except CRP, whereas λFLC correlated with all examined parameters except IgG4. Elevated levels of FLCs in COVID-19 and healthy vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 patients, as well as the correlation between free light chains with specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and IL-6, reflect hyperactivation of the immune system after contact with coronavirus. Furthermore, it seems that serum levels of FLCs might be used as predictive markers of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that free light chains are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, understanding the exact mechanism requires further investigation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9569841 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95698412022-10-17 Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika Moniuszko-Malinowska, Anna Pączek, Sara Guziejko, Katarzyna Chorąży, Monika Mroczko, Barbara Int J Mol Sci Article The aim of this study is to assess the synthesis of kappa (κ) and lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) in the serum of patients with COVID-19. All the 120 serum samples were collected from patients with COVID-19 and from healthy controls (vaccinated and non-vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2). FLCs, IgG total, IgG4, IgG anti-Nucleocapsid (N), anti-spike S1 receptor binding domain (S-RBD) antibodies and IL-6 were measured according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The concentrations of anti-N IgG, IgG total, IgG4 and IL-6 were elevated in the COVID-19 group in comparison to the vaccinated and non-vaccinated controls. The levels of anti-S-RBD IgG and κFLC were increased in COVID-19 and healthy vaccinated patients when compared to non-vaccinated controls. λFLC concentration was higher in the COVID-19 group than in the non-vaccinated group. The κ:λ ratio was lower in both COVID-19 and non-vaccinated groups in comparison to vaccinated controls. κFLC correlated with all tested parameters (anti-S-RBD IgG, anti-N IgG, λFLC, κ:λ ratio, IgG total, IgG4 and IL-6) except CRP, whereas λFLC correlated with all examined parameters except IgG4. Elevated levels of FLCs in COVID-19 and healthy vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 patients, as well as the correlation between free light chains with specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and IL-6, reflect hyperactivation of the immune system after contact with coronavirus. Furthermore, it seems that serum levels of FLCs might be used as predictive markers of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that free light chains are involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, understanding the exact mechanism requires further investigation. MDPI 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9569841/ /pubmed/36232891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911589 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Gudowska-Sawczuk, Monika Moniuszko-Malinowska, Anna Pączek, Sara Guziejko, Katarzyna Chorąży, Monika Mroczko, Barbara Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title | Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full | Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title_short | Evaluation of Free Light Chains (FLCs) Synthesis in Response to Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 |
title_sort | evaluation of free light chains (flcs) synthesis in response to exposure to sars-cov-2 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569841/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232891 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911589 |
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