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Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins

The actin cytoskeleton lies at the heart of many essential cellular processes. There are hundreds of proteins that cells use to control the size and shape of actin cytoskeletal networks. As such, various pathogens utilize different strategies to hijack the infected eukaryotic host actin dynamics for...

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Autor principal: Alqassim, Saif S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232907
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911606
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author Alqassim, Saif S.
author_facet Alqassim, Saif S.
author_sort Alqassim, Saif S.
collection PubMed
description The actin cytoskeleton lies at the heart of many essential cellular processes. There are hundreds of proteins that cells use to control the size and shape of actin cytoskeletal networks. As such, various pathogens utilize different strategies to hijack the infected eukaryotic host actin dynamics for their benefit. These include the control of upstream signaling pathways that lead to actin assembly, control of eukaryotic actin assembly factors, encoding toxins that distort regular actin dynamics, or by encoding effectors that directly interact with and assemble actin filaments. The latter class of effectors is unique in that, quite often, they assemble actin in a straightforward manner using novel sequences, folds, and molecular mechanisms. The study of these mechanisms promises to provide major insights into the fundamental determinants of actin assembly, as well as a deeper understanding of host–pathogen interactions in general, and contribute to therapeutic development efforts targeting their respective pathogens. This review discusses mechanisms and highlights shared and unique features of actin assembly by pathogen effectors that directly bind and assemble actin, focusing on eukaryotic actin nucleator functional mimics Rickettsia Sca2 (formin mimic), Burkholderia BimA (Ena/VASP mimic), and Vibrio VopL (tandem WH2-motif mimic).
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spelling pubmed-95698712022-10-17 Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins Alqassim, Saif S. Int J Mol Sci Review The actin cytoskeleton lies at the heart of many essential cellular processes. There are hundreds of proteins that cells use to control the size and shape of actin cytoskeletal networks. As such, various pathogens utilize different strategies to hijack the infected eukaryotic host actin dynamics for their benefit. These include the control of upstream signaling pathways that lead to actin assembly, control of eukaryotic actin assembly factors, encoding toxins that distort regular actin dynamics, or by encoding effectors that directly interact with and assemble actin filaments. The latter class of effectors is unique in that, quite often, they assemble actin in a straightforward manner using novel sequences, folds, and molecular mechanisms. The study of these mechanisms promises to provide major insights into the fundamental determinants of actin assembly, as well as a deeper understanding of host–pathogen interactions in general, and contribute to therapeutic development efforts targeting their respective pathogens. This review discusses mechanisms and highlights shared and unique features of actin assembly by pathogen effectors that directly bind and assemble actin, focusing on eukaryotic actin nucleator functional mimics Rickettsia Sca2 (formin mimic), Burkholderia BimA (Ena/VASP mimic), and Vibrio VopL (tandem WH2-motif mimic). MDPI 2022-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9569871/ /pubmed/36232907 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911606 Text en © 2022 by the author. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Alqassim, Saif S.
Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title_full Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title_fullStr Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title_full_unstemmed Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title_short Functional Mimicry of Eukaryotic Actin Assembly by Pathogen Effector Proteins
title_sort functional mimicry of eukaryotic actin assembly by pathogen effector proteins
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9569871/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36232907
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911606
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