Human Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts Show Distinct Functions on Tumor Behavior in 3D-Organotypic Cultures Mimicking Melanoma and HNSCC

Human dermis can be morphologically divided into the upper papillary and lower reticular dermis. Previously, we demonstrated that papillary (PFs) and reticular (RFs) fibroblasts show distinct morphology and gene expression profiles. Moreover, they differently affect tumor invasion and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in in vitro 3D-organotypic cultures of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). In this study, we examined if these distinct effects of PFs and RFs can be extrapolated in other epithelial/non-epithelial tumors such as melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To this end, 3D-Full-Thickness Models (FTMs) were established from melanoma (AN and M14) or HNSCC cell lines (UM-SCC19 and UM-SCC47) together with either PFs or RFs in the dermis. The interplay between tumor cells and different fibroblasts was investigated. We observed that all the tested tumor cell lines showed significantly stronger invasion in RF-FTMs compared to PF-FTMs. In addition, RF-FTMs demonstrated more tumor cell proliferation, EMT induction and basement membrane disruption. Interestingly, RFs started to express the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) biomarker α-SMA, indicating reciprocal interactions eventuating in the transition of RFs to CAFs. Collectively, in the melanoma and HNSCC FTMs, interaction of RFs with tumor cells promoted EMT and invasion, which was accompanied by differentiation of RFs to CAFs.