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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn?
Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize and discuss what we know and what we still need to learn about EDCs’ pathogenic mechanisms of action, as well a...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911899 |
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author | Predieri, Barbara Iughetti, Lorenzo Bernasconi, Sergio Street, Maria Elisabeth |
author_facet | Predieri, Barbara Iughetti, Lorenzo Bernasconi, Sergio Street, Maria Elisabeth |
author_sort | Predieri, Barbara |
collection | PubMed |
description | Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize and discuss what we know and what we still need to learn about EDCs’ pathogenic mechanisms of action, as well as the effects of the most common EDCs on endocrine system health in childhood. The MEDLINE database (PubMed) was searched on 13 May 2022, filtering for EDCs, endocrine diseases, and children. EDCs are a group of compounds with high heterogeneity, but usually disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking or interfering with natural hormones or interfering with the body’s hormonal balance through other mechanisms. Individual EDCs were studied in detail, while humans’ “cocktail effect” is still unclear. In utero, early postnatal life, and/or pubertal development are highly susceptible periods to exposure. Human epidemiological studies suggest that EDCs affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity, puberty, and fertility through several mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify which EDCs can mainly act on epigenetic processes. A better understanding of EDCs’ effects on human health is crucial to developing future regulatory strategies to prevent exposure and ensure the health of children today, in future generations, and in the environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9570268 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95702682022-10-17 Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? Predieri, Barbara Iughetti, Lorenzo Bernasconi, Sergio Street, Maria Elisabeth Int J Mol Sci Review Thousands of natural or manufactured chemicals were defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) because they can interfere with hormone activity and the endocrine system. We summarize and discuss what we know and what we still need to learn about EDCs’ pathogenic mechanisms of action, as well as the effects of the most common EDCs on endocrine system health in childhood. The MEDLINE database (PubMed) was searched on 13 May 2022, filtering for EDCs, endocrine diseases, and children. EDCs are a group of compounds with high heterogeneity, but usually disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking or interfering with natural hormones or interfering with the body’s hormonal balance through other mechanisms. Individual EDCs were studied in detail, while humans’ “cocktail effect” is still unclear. In utero, early postnatal life, and/or pubertal development are highly susceptible periods to exposure. Human epidemiological studies suggest that EDCs affect prenatal growth, thyroid function, glucose metabolism, obesity, puberty, and fertility through several mechanisms. Further studies are needed to clarify which EDCs can mainly act on epigenetic processes. A better understanding of EDCs’ effects on human health is crucial to developing future regulatory strategies to prevent exposure and ensure the health of children today, in future generations, and in the environment. MDPI 2022-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9570268/ /pubmed/36233201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911899 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Predieri, Barbara Iughetti, Lorenzo Bernasconi, Sergio Street, Maria Elisabeth Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title_full | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title_fullStr | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title_full_unstemmed | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title_short | Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals’ Effects in Children: What We Know and What We Need to Learn? |
title_sort | endocrine disrupting chemicals’ effects in children: what we know and what we need to learn? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570268/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233201 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911899 |
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