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Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice
This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin (AZ) intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 (wild type, WT) and female NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC) as a model for optic neuropathy. Histologically, reduced apoptosis and improved retinal...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911872 |
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author | Zloto, Ofira Zahavi, Alon Richard, Stephen Friedman-Gohas, Moran Weiss, Shirel Goldenberg-Cohen, Nitza |
author_facet | Zloto, Ofira Zahavi, Alon Richard, Stephen Friedman-Gohas, Moran Weiss, Shirel Goldenberg-Cohen, Nitza |
author_sort | Zloto, Ofira |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin (AZ) intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 (wild type, WT) and female NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC) as a model for optic neuropathy. Histologically, reduced apoptosis and improved retinal ganglion cell (RGC) preservation were noted in the AZ-treated mice as shown by TUNEL staining—in the WT mice more than in the NSG mice. The increased microglial activation following ONC was reduced with the AZ treatment. In the molecular analysis of WT and NSG mice, similar trends were detected regarding apoptosis, as well as stress-related and inflammatory markers examining BCL2-associated X (Bax), heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), interleukin 1 beta (Il1β), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (Nfkb) levels. In the optic nerve, AZ increased the levels of expression of Sod1 and Nfkb only in the WT mice and decreased them in the NSG mice. In the retinas of the WT and NSG mice, the Bax and Ho-1 levels of expression decreased following the AZ treatment, while the Sod1 and Nfkb expression decreased only in the WT mice, and remained stable near the baseline in the NSG mice. Il1β remained at the baseline in WT mice while it decreased towards the baseline in AZ-treated NSG mice. The neuroprotective effects demonstrated by the reduced RGC apoptosis in AZ-treated WT mice retinae, and in the optic nerves as stress-related and inflammatory gene expression increase. This did not occur in the immunodeficient NSG mice. AZ modulated the inflammatory reaction and microglial activation. The lack of an effect in NSG mice supports the assumption that AZ acts by immunomodulation, which is known to play a role in ONC damage. These findings have implications for the development and repurposing of drugs to preserve RGCs after acute optic neuropathies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9570389 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95703892022-10-17 Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice Zloto, Ofira Zahavi, Alon Richard, Stephen Friedman-Gohas, Moran Weiss, Shirel Goldenberg-Cohen, Nitza Int J Mol Sci Article This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effect of azithromycin (AZ) intraperitoneal injections in male C57Bl/6 (wild type, WT) and female NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice subjected to optic nerve crush (ONC) as a model for optic neuropathy. Histologically, reduced apoptosis and improved retinal ganglion cell (RGC) preservation were noted in the AZ-treated mice as shown by TUNEL staining—in the WT mice more than in the NSG mice. The increased microglial activation following ONC was reduced with the AZ treatment. In the molecular analysis of WT and NSG mice, similar trends were detected regarding apoptosis, as well as stress-related and inflammatory markers examining BCL2-associated X (Bax), heme oxygenase 1 (Ho-1), interleukin 1 beta (Il1β), superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (Nfkb) levels. In the optic nerve, AZ increased the levels of expression of Sod1 and Nfkb only in the WT mice and decreased them in the NSG mice. In the retinas of the WT and NSG mice, the Bax and Ho-1 levels of expression decreased following the AZ treatment, while the Sod1 and Nfkb expression decreased only in the WT mice, and remained stable near the baseline in the NSG mice. Il1β remained at the baseline in WT mice while it decreased towards the baseline in AZ-treated NSG mice. The neuroprotective effects demonstrated by the reduced RGC apoptosis in AZ-treated WT mice retinae, and in the optic nerves as stress-related and inflammatory gene expression increase. This did not occur in the immunodeficient NSG mice. AZ modulated the inflammatory reaction and microglial activation. The lack of an effect in NSG mice supports the assumption that AZ acts by immunomodulation, which is known to play a role in ONC damage. These findings have implications for the development and repurposing of drugs to preserve RGCs after acute optic neuropathies. MDPI 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9570389/ /pubmed/36233171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911872 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zloto, Ofira Zahavi, Alon Richard, Stephen Friedman-Gohas, Moran Weiss, Shirel Goldenberg-Cohen, Nitza Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title | Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title_full | Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title_fullStr | Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title_short | Neuroprotective Effect of Azithromycin Following Induction of Optic Nerve Crush in Wild Type and Immunodeficient Mice |
title_sort | neuroprotective effect of azithromycin following induction of optic nerve crush in wild type and immunodeficient mice |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233171 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911872 |
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