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Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification
Metal sorting is the first step in scrap metal recycling. The traditional magnetic separation method can classify ferromagnetic metals, but it is not applicable to some nonmagnetic metals with higher value. To address this situation, we propose an eddy current testing (ECT) technology-based method f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236610 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197511 |
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author | Wang, Dong Zhang, Zhijie Yin, Wuliang Chen, Haoze Ma, Huidong Zhou, Guangyu Zhang, Yuchen |
author_facet | Wang, Dong Zhang, Zhijie Yin, Wuliang Chen, Haoze Ma, Huidong Zhou, Guangyu Zhang, Yuchen |
author_sort | Wang, Dong |
collection | PubMed |
description | Metal sorting is the first step in scrap metal recycling. The traditional magnetic separation method can classify ferromagnetic metals, but it is not applicable to some nonmagnetic metals with higher value. To address this situation, we propose an eddy current testing (ECT) technology-based method for classifying nonmagnetic metals. In this study, a triple-coil electromagnetic sensor, which works as two coil pairs, is tested. By analyzing the physical model of the sensor, a feature related to the conductivity of the sample under test is obtained as the difference in the tangent of the impedance changes in the two coil pairs. Additionally, we derive a linear relationship between this feature and the lift-off height, which is verified experimentally and will help to solve the classification error caused by the variation in the lift-off height. In addition, we find that the excitation frequency does not affect this linear feature. Moreover, in this study, the spectrum scanning method is converted into a single-frequency measurement, and the time consumption is greatly reduced, which improves the efficiency of the real-time metal classification system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9570834 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95708342022-10-17 Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification Wang, Dong Zhang, Zhijie Yin, Wuliang Chen, Haoze Ma, Huidong Zhou, Guangyu Zhang, Yuchen Sensors (Basel) Article Metal sorting is the first step in scrap metal recycling. The traditional magnetic separation method can classify ferromagnetic metals, but it is not applicable to some nonmagnetic metals with higher value. To address this situation, we propose an eddy current testing (ECT) technology-based method for classifying nonmagnetic metals. In this study, a triple-coil electromagnetic sensor, which works as two coil pairs, is tested. By analyzing the physical model of the sensor, a feature related to the conductivity of the sample under test is obtained as the difference in the tangent of the impedance changes in the two coil pairs. Additionally, we derive a linear relationship between this feature and the lift-off height, which is verified experimentally and will help to solve the classification error caused by the variation in the lift-off height. In addition, we find that the excitation frequency does not affect this linear feature. Moreover, in this study, the spectrum scanning method is converted into a single-frequency measurement, and the time consumption is greatly reduced, which improves the efficiency of the real-time metal classification system. MDPI 2022-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC9570834/ /pubmed/36236610 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197511 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Wang, Dong Zhang, Zhijie Yin, Wuliang Chen, Haoze Ma, Huidong Zhou, Guangyu Zhang, Yuchen Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title | Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title_full | Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title_fullStr | Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title_full_unstemmed | Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title_short | Linear Characteristics of the Differences in Phase Tangents of Triple-Coil Electromagnetic Sensors and Their Application in Nonmagnetic Metal Classification |
title_sort | linear characteristics of the differences in phase tangents of triple-coil electromagnetic sensors and their application in nonmagnetic metal classification |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570834/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236610 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197511 |
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