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Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation

(1) Background: A mouth-free interface is required for functional electrical stimulation (FES) in people with spinal cord injuries. We developed a novel system for clenching the human metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint using an earphone-type ear canal movement sensor. Experiments to control joint angle...

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Autores principales: Matsui, Kazuhiro, Suzuki, Yuya, Atsuumi, Keita, Nagai, Miwa, Ohno, Shotaro, Hirai, Hiroaki, Nishikawa, Atsushi, Taniguchi, Kazuhiro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197412
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author Matsui, Kazuhiro
Suzuki, Yuya
Atsuumi, Keita
Nagai, Miwa
Ohno, Shotaro
Hirai, Hiroaki
Nishikawa, Atsushi
Taniguchi, Kazuhiro
author_facet Matsui, Kazuhiro
Suzuki, Yuya
Atsuumi, Keita
Nagai, Miwa
Ohno, Shotaro
Hirai, Hiroaki
Nishikawa, Atsushi
Taniguchi, Kazuhiro
author_sort Matsui, Kazuhiro
collection PubMed
description (1) Background: A mouth-free interface is required for functional electrical stimulation (FES) in people with spinal cord injuries. We developed a novel system for clenching the human metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint using an earphone-type ear canal movement sensor. Experiments to control joint angle and joint stiffness were performed using the developed system. (2) Methods: The proposed FES used an equilibrium point control signal and stiffness control signal: electrical agonist–antagonist ratio and electrical agonist–antagonist sum. An angle sensor was used to acquire the joint angle, and system identification was utilized to measure joint stiffness using the external force of a robot arm. Each experiment included six and five subjects, respectively. (3) Results: While the joint angle could be controlled well by clenching with some hysteresis and delay in three subjects, it could not be controlled relatively well after hyperextension in the other subjects, which revealed a calibration problem and a change in the characteristics of the human MP joint caused by hyperextension. The joint stiffness increased with the clenching amplitude in five subjects. In addition, the results indicated that viscosity can be controlled. (4) Conclusions: The developed system can control joint angle and stiffness. In future research, we will develop a method to show that this system can control the equilibrium point and stiffness simultaneously.
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spelling pubmed-95709752022-10-17 Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation Matsui, Kazuhiro Suzuki, Yuya Atsuumi, Keita Nagai, Miwa Ohno, Shotaro Hirai, Hiroaki Nishikawa, Atsushi Taniguchi, Kazuhiro Sensors (Basel) Article (1) Background: A mouth-free interface is required for functional electrical stimulation (FES) in people with spinal cord injuries. We developed a novel system for clenching the human metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint using an earphone-type ear canal movement sensor. Experiments to control joint angle and joint stiffness were performed using the developed system. (2) Methods: The proposed FES used an equilibrium point control signal and stiffness control signal: electrical agonist–antagonist ratio and electrical agonist–antagonist sum. An angle sensor was used to acquire the joint angle, and system identification was utilized to measure joint stiffness using the external force of a robot arm. Each experiment included six and five subjects, respectively. (3) Results: While the joint angle could be controlled well by clenching with some hysteresis and delay in three subjects, it could not be controlled relatively well after hyperextension in the other subjects, which revealed a calibration problem and a change in the characteristics of the human MP joint caused by hyperextension. The joint stiffness increased with the clenching amplitude in five subjects. In addition, the results indicated that viscosity can be controlled. (4) Conclusions: The developed system can control joint angle and stiffness. In future research, we will develop a method to show that this system can control the equilibrium point and stiffness simultaneously. MDPI 2022-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9570975/ /pubmed/36236510 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197412 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Matsui, Kazuhiro
Suzuki, Yuya
Atsuumi, Keita
Nagai, Miwa
Ohno, Shotaro
Hirai, Hiroaki
Nishikawa, Atsushi
Taniguchi, Kazuhiro
Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_full Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_fullStr Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_full_unstemmed Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_short Earable Ω (OMEGA): A Novel Clenching Interface Using Ear Canal Sensing for Human Metacarpophalangeal Joint Control by Functional Electrical Stimulation
title_sort earable ω (omega): a novel clenching interface using ear canal sensing for human metacarpophalangeal joint control by functional electrical stimulation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9570975/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236510
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197412
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