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Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171 |
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author | Benchakroun, Hamza Ištuk, Niko Dunne, Eoghan Elahi, Muhammad Adnan O’Halloran, Tony O’Halloran, Martin O’Loughlin, Declan |
author_facet | Benchakroun, Hamza Ištuk, Niko Dunne, Eoghan Elahi, Muhammad Adnan O’Halloran, Tony O’Halloran, Martin O’Loughlin, Declan |
author_sort | Benchakroun, Hamza |
collection | PubMed |
description | The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported. However, preliminary work suggests that the contact force of the measurement probe on the tissue sample can affect the measurements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity change due to the probe contact force in detail. Twenty ex vivo bovine heart samples are used, and conductivity measurements are taken in the Left Atrial Appendage, a common target for medical device developments. The conductivity measurements reported in this work (between 0.14 S/m and 0.24 S/m) align with the literature. The average conductivity is observed to change by −21% as the contact force increases from 2 N to 10 N. In contrast, in conditions where the fluid concentration in the measurement area is expected to be lower, very small changes are observed (less than 2.5%). These results suggest that the LAA conductivity is affected by the contact force due to the fluid concentration in the tissue. This work suggests that contact force should be controlled for in all future experiments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9571177 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95711772022-10-17 Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Benchakroun, Hamza Ištuk, Niko Dunne, Eoghan Elahi, Muhammad Adnan O’Halloran, Tony O’Halloran, Martin O’Loughlin, Declan Sensors (Basel) Article The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported. However, preliminary work suggests that the contact force of the measurement probe on the tissue sample can affect the measurements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity change due to the probe contact force in detail. Twenty ex vivo bovine heart samples are used, and conductivity measurements are taken in the Left Atrial Appendage, a common target for medical device developments. The conductivity measurements reported in this work (between 0.14 S/m and 0.24 S/m) align with the literature. The average conductivity is observed to change by −21% as the contact force increases from 2 N to 10 N. In contrast, in conditions where the fluid concentration in the measurement area is expected to be lower, very small changes are observed (less than 2.5%). These results suggest that the LAA conductivity is affected by the contact force due to the fluid concentration in the tissue. This work suggests that contact force should be controlled for in all future experiments. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9571177/ /pubmed/36236269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Benchakroun, Hamza Ištuk, Niko Dunne, Eoghan Elahi, Muhammad Adnan O’Halloran, Tony O’Halloran, Martin O’Loughlin, Declan Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title | Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title_full | Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title_fullStr | Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title_full_unstemmed | Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title_short | Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures |
title_sort | probe contact force monitoring during conductivity measurements of the left atrial appendage to support the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571177/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171 |
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