Cargando…

Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures

The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported....

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Benchakroun, Hamza, Ištuk, Niko, Dunne, Eoghan, Elahi, Muhammad Adnan, O’Halloran, Tony, O’Halloran, Martin, O’Loughlin, Declan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171
_version_ 1784810297339412480
author Benchakroun, Hamza
Ištuk, Niko
Dunne, Eoghan
Elahi, Muhammad Adnan
O’Halloran, Tony
O’Halloran, Martin
O’Loughlin, Declan
author_facet Benchakroun, Hamza
Ištuk, Niko
Dunne, Eoghan
Elahi, Muhammad Adnan
O’Halloran, Tony
O’Halloran, Martin
O’Loughlin, Declan
author_sort Benchakroun, Hamza
collection PubMed
description The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported. However, preliminary work suggests that the contact force of the measurement probe on the tissue sample can affect the measurements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity change due to the probe contact force in detail. Twenty ex vivo bovine heart samples are used, and conductivity measurements are taken in the Left Atrial Appendage, a common target for medical device developments. The conductivity measurements reported in this work (between 0.14 S/m and 0.24 S/m) align with the literature. The average conductivity is observed to change by −21% as the contact force increases from 2 N to 10 N. In contrast, in conditions where the fluid concentration in the measurement area is expected to be lower, very small changes are observed (less than 2.5%). These results suggest that the LAA conductivity is affected by the contact force due to the fluid concentration in the tissue. This work suggests that contact force should be controlled for in all future experiments.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9571177
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2022
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95711772022-10-17 Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures Benchakroun, Hamza Ištuk, Niko Dunne, Eoghan Elahi, Muhammad Adnan O’Halloran, Tony O’Halloran, Martin O’Loughlin, Declan Sensors (Basel) Article The electrical properties of many biological tissues are freely available from the INRC and the IT’IS databases. However, particularly in lower frequency ranges, few studies have investigated the optimal measurement protocol or the key confounders that need to be controlled, monitored, and reported. However, preliminary work suggests that the contact force of the measurement probe on the tissue sample can affect the measurements. The aim of this paper is to investigate the conductivity change due to the probe contact force in detail. Twenty ex vivo bovine heart samples are used, and conductivity measurements are taken in the Left Atrial Appendage, a common target for medical device developments. The conductivity measurements reported in this work (between 0.14 S/m and 0.24 S/m) align with the literature. The average conductivity is observed to change by −21% as the contact force increases from 2 N to 10 N. In contrast, in conditions where the fluid concentration in the measurement area is expected to be lower, very small changes are observed (less than 2.5%). These results suggest that the LAA conductivity is affected by the contact force due to the fluid concentration in the tissue. This work suggests that contact force should be controlled for in all future experiments. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9571177/ /pubmed/36236269 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Benchakroun, Hamza
Ištuk, Niko
Dunne, Eoghan
Elahi, Muhammad Adnan
O’Halloran, Tony
O’Halloran, Martin
O’Loughlin, Declan
Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title_full Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title_fullStr Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title_full_unstemmed Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title_short Probe Contact Force Monitoring during Conductivity Measurements of the Left Atrial Appendage to Support the Design of Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures
title_sort probe contact force monitoring during conductivity measurements of the left atrial appendage to support the design of novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571177/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236269
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197171
work_keys_str_mv AT benchakrounhamza probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT istukniko probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT dunneeoghan probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT elahimuhammadadnan probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT ohallorantony probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT ohalloranmartin probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures
AT oloughlindeclan probecontactforcemonitoringduringconductivitymeasurementsoftheleftatrialappendagetosupportthedesignofnoveldiagnosticandtherapeuticprocedures