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Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications

Crustacean shells are a sustainable source of chitin. Extracting chitin from crustacean shells is ongoing research, much of which is devoted to devising a sustainable process that yields high-quality chitin with minimal waste. Chemical and biological methods have been used extensively for this purpo...

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Autores principales: Kozma, Michael, Acharya, Bishnu, Bissessur, Rabin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235937
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193989
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author Kozma, Michael
Acharya, Bishnu
Bissessur, Rabin
author_facet Kozma, Michael
Acharya, Bishnu
Bissessur, Rabin
author_sort Kozma, Michael
collection PubMed
description Crustacean shells are a sustainable source of chitin. Extracting chitin from crustacean shells is ongoing research, much of which is devoted to devising a sustainable process that yields high-quality chitin with minimal waste. Chemical and biological methods have been used extensively for this purpose; more recently, methods based on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been explored. Extracted chitin can be converted into chitosan or nanochitin. Once chitin is obtained and modified into the desired form, it can be used in a wide array of applications, including as a filler material, in adsorbents, and as a component in biomaterials, among others. Describing the extraction of chitin, synthesis of chitosan and nanochitin, and applications of these materials is the aim of this review. The first section of this review summarizes and compares common chitin extraction methods, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings of each, followed by descriptions of methods to convert chitin into chitosan and nanochitin. The second section of this review discusses some of the wide range of applications of chitin and its derivatives.
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spelling pubmed-95713302022-10-17 Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications Kozma, Michael Acharya, Bishnu Bissessur, Rabin Polymers (Basel) Review Crustacean shells are a sustainable source of chitin. Extracting chitin from crustacean shells is ongoing research, much of which is devoted to devising a sustainable process that yields high-quality chitin with minimal waste. Chemical and biological methods have been used extensively for this purpose; more recently, methods based on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents have been explored. Extracted chitin can be converted into chitosan or nanochitin. Once chitin is obtained and modified into the desired form, it can be used in a wide array of applications, including as a filler material, in adsorbents, and as a component in biomaterials, among others. Describing the extraction of chitin, synthesis of chitosan and nanochitin, and applications of these materials is the aim of this review. The first section of this review summarizes and compares common chitin extraction methods, highlighting the benefits and shortcomings of each, followed by descriptions of methods to convert chitin into chitosan and nanochitin. The second section of this review discusses some of the wide range of applications of chitin and its derivatives. MDPI 2022-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9571330/ /pubmed/36235937 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193989 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Kozma, Michael
Acharya, Bishnu
Bissessur, Rabin
Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title_full Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title_fullStr Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title_full_unstemmed Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title_short Chitin, Chitosan, and Nanochitin: Extraction, Synthesis, and Applications
title_sort chitin, chitosan, and nanochitin: extraction, synthesis, and applications
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571330/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235937
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14193989
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