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Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements
This paper reports an important investigation and quantification of adulteration of sexual enhancement supplements with prescription medicines available in United Arab Emirates (UAE): tadalafil, sildenafil and vardenafil. A total of 158 sexual enhancement supplements were collected and analyzed in t...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196737 |
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author | Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh Shahwan, Moyad Zyoud, Sa’ed H. Ibrahim, Baharudin Zyoud, Samer H. |
author_facet | Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh Shahwan, Moyad Zyoud, Sa’ed H. Ibrahim, Baharudin Zyoud, Samer H. |
author_sort | Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper reports an important investigation and quantification of adulteration of sexual enhancement supplements with prescription medicines available in United Arab Emirates (UAE): tadalafil, sildenafil and vardenafil. A total of 158 sexual enhancement supplements were collected and analyzed in the current study. The samples were screened using REVERSE-phase liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS). Of all sexual enhancements, 12.7% (95% CI: 7.4–18) contained undeclared sildenafil, 3.8% (95% CI: 0.78–6.81) contained undeclared tadalafil and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.25–4.05) contained undeclared vardenafil. Of all sexual enhancement supplements, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.5–19.4) contained significant concentrations of sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil. While the study found relatively low levels of undeclared pharmaceutical ingredients in the sexual enhancement dietary supplements available on the UAE market, it is likely that patients with ED tend to consume multiple such supplements daily, thereby exposing themselves to highly elevated cumulative levels. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9571517 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95715172022-10-17 Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh Shahwan, Moyad Zyoud, Sa’ed H. Ibrahim, Baharudin Zyoud, Samer H. Molecules Article This paper reports an important investigation and quantification of adulteration of sexual enhancement supplements with prescription medicines available in United Arab Emirates (UAE): tadalafil, sildenafil and vardenafil. A total of 158 sexual enhancement supplements were collected and analyzed in the current study. The samples were screened using REVERSE-phase liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC-MS/MS). Of all sexual enhancements, 12.7% (95% CI: 7.4–18) contained undeclared sildenafil, 3.8% (95% CI: 0.78–6.81) contained undeclared tadalafil and 1.9% (95% CI: 0.25–4.05) contained undeclared vardenafil. Of all sexual enhancement supplements, 13.9% (95% CI: 8.5–19.4) contained significant concentrations of sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil. While the study found relatively low levels of undeclared pharmaceutical ingredients in the sexual enhancement dietary supplements available on the UAE market, it is likely that patients with ED tend to consume multiple such supplements daily, thereby exposing themselves to highly elevated cumulative levels. MDPI 2022-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC9571517/ /pubmed/36235271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196737 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Jairoun, Ammar Abdulrahman Al-Hemyari, Sabaa Saleh Shahwan, Moyad Zyoud, Sa’ed H. Ibrahim, Baharudin Zyoud, Samer H. Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title | Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title_full | Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title_fullStr | Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title_full_unstemmed | Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title_short | Screening and Determination of Synthetic PDE-5 Inhibitors in Adulterated Sexual Enhancement Supplements |
title_sort | screening and determination of synthetic pde-5 inhibitors in adulterated sexual enhancement supplements |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571517/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36235271 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196737 |
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