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3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties

Cellulose is an abundant and sustainable material that is receiving more and more attention in different industries. In the context of additive manufacturing, it would be even more valuable. However, there are some challenges to overcome in processing cellulose-based materials. Therefore, this study...

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Autores principales: Utz, Julia, Zubizarreta, Jokin, Geis, Nico, Immonen, Kirsi, Kangas, Heli, Ruckdäschel, Holger
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196582
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author Utz, Julia
Zubizarreta, Jokin
Geis, Nico
Immonen, Kirsi
Kangas, Heli
Ruckdäschel, Holger
author_facet Utz, Julia
Zubizarreta, Jokin
Geis, Nico
Immonen, Kirsi
Kangas, Heli
Ruckdäschel, Holger
author_sort Utz, Julia
collection PubMed
description Cellulose is an abundant and sustainable material that is receiving more and more attention in different industries. In the context of additive manufacturing, it would be even more valuable. However, there are some challenges to overcome in processing cellulose-based materials. Therefore, this study used a new thermoplastic cellulose-based granulate to show its potential in filament extrusion and the fused filament fabrication printing process. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were investigated. It was shown that filaments with a suitable and uniform diameter could be produced. A parameter study for printing revealed that adhesion of the material on the bed and between layers was an issue but could be overcome with a suitable set of parameters. Tensile bars with different orientations of 0°, +/−45°, and 90° were printed and compared with injection-molded samples. It could be shown that different mechanisms (single strand breakage, shear failure) caused fracture for different printing orientations. In comparison with injection-molding, the printed parts showed lower mechanical properties (moduli of 74–95%, a tensile strength of 47–69%, and an elongation at break of 29–60%), but an improvement could be seen compared with earlier reported direct granule printing. The study showed that FFF is a suitable process for the new cellulose-based material to fabricate samples with good mechanical properties.
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spelling pubmed-95718402022-10-17 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties Utz, Julia Zubizarreta, Jokin Geis, Nico Immonen, Kirsi Kangas, Heli Ruckdäschel, Holger Materials (Basel) Article Cellulose is an abundant and sustainable material that is receiving more and more attention in different industries. In the context of additive manufacturing, it would be even more valuable. However, there are some challenges to overcome in processing cellulose-based materials. Therefore, this study used a new thermoplastic cellulose-based granulate to show its potential in filament extrusion and the fused filament fabrication printing process. Furthermore, the mechanical properties were investigated. It was shown that filaments with a suitable and uniform diameter could be produced. A parameter study for printing revealed that adhesion of the material on the bed and between layers was an issue but could be overcome with a suitable set of parameters. Tensile bars with different orientations of 0°, +/−45°, and 90° were printed and compared with injection-molded samples. It could be shown that different mechanisms (single strand breakage, shear failure) caused fracture for different printing orientations. In comparison with injection-molding, the printed parts showed lower mechanical properties (moduli of 74–95%, a tensile strength of 47–69%, and an elongation at break of 29–60%), but an improvement could be seen compared with earlier reported direct granule printing. The study showed that FFF is a suitable process for the new cellulose-based material to fabricate samples with good mechanical properties. MDPI 2022-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9571840/ /pubmed/36233920 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196582 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Utz, Julia
Zubizarreta, Jokin
Geis, Nico
Immonen, Kirsi
Kangas, Heli
Ruckdäschel, Holger
3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title_full 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title_fullStr 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title_full_unstemmed 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title_short 3D Printed Cellulose-Based Filaments—Processing and Mechanical Properties
title_sort 3d printed cellulose-based filaments—processing and mechanical properties
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571840/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233920
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196582
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