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Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method
Humic substances (HSs) have been researched for a long time and still manage to surprise humanity today. According to the latest research, in addition to their previously well-known effects, they also have antioxidant properties. However, this previous research does not examine the difference in the...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196334 |
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author | Csicsor, Attila Tombácz, Etelka |
author_facet | Csicsor, Attila Tombácz, Etelka |
author_sort | Csicsor, Attila |
collection | PubMed |
description | Humic substances (HSs) have been researched for a long time and still manage to surprise humanity today. According to the latest research, in addition to their previously well-known effects, they also have antioxidant properties. However, this previous research does not examine the difference in the antioxidant effect of the fractions extracted/produced in different processes; they do not consider the light absorption of the HSs, which falsifies analysis based on the measurement of color change over time. In the present work, HS fractions were obtained from leonardite, the extraction processes can also be implemented on an industrial scale. The fractions were characterized by elementary analysis, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopies, to prove that our self-extracted samples have similar characteristics to the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) standard samples. The different methods of HS fractionation affected the elemental composition, and the spectral characteristics. The antioxidant effect was investigated using the DPPH method to screen the antioxidant efficiency of humic, fulvic, and himatomelanic acids. In addition, we compared our results with the IHSS standard samples to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the antioxidant effect of HSs extracted in different ways according to the DPPH method. Based on our results, the extraction method affects not only the physico-chemical properties but also the free radical scavenging activity of the fractions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9571906 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95719062022-10-17 Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method Csicsor, Attila Tombácz, Etelka Molecules Article Humic substances (HSs) have been researched for a long time and still manage to surprise humanity today. According to the latest research, in addition to their previously well-known effects, they also have antioxidant properties. However, this previous research does not examine the difference in the antioxidant effect of the fractions extracted/produced in different processes; they do not consider the light absorption of the HSs, which falsifies analysis based on the measurement of color change over time. In the present work, HS fractions were obtained from leonardite, the extraction processes can also be implemented on an industrial scale. The fractions were characterized by elementary analysis, UV–Vis and FT-IR spectroscopies, to prove that our self-extracted samples have similar characteristics to the International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) standard samples. The different methods of HS fractionation affected the elemental composition, and the spectral characteristics. The antioxidant effect was investigated using the DPPH method to screen the antioxidant efficiency of humic, fulvic, and himatomelanic acids. In addition, we compared our results with the IHSS standard samples to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the antioxidant effect of HSs extracted in different ways according to the DPPH method. Based on our results, the extraction method affects not only the physico-chemical properties but also the free radical scavenging activity of the fractions. MDPI 2022-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9571906/ /pubmed/36234869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196334 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Csicsor, Attila Tombácz, Etelka Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title | Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title_full | Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title_fullStr | Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title_full_unstemmed | Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title_short | Screening of Humic Substances Extracted from Leonardite for Free Radical Scavenging Activity Using DPPH Method |
title_sort | screening of humic substances extracted from leonardite for free radical scavenging activity using dpph method |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9571906/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234869 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196334 |
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