Sensitivity of Compressed Composite Channel Columns to Eccentric Loading

This study investigated short thin-walled channel columns made of carbon/epoxy laminate. Columns with two multi-ply composite layups [0/45/−45/90](s) and [90/−45/45/0](s) were tested, with each layup having eight plies symmetric to the midplane. The columns were subjected to compressive loads, including an eccentric compressive load applied relative to the center of gravity of their cross-section. Simple support boundary conditions were applied to the ends of the columns. The scope of the study included analyzing the effect of load eccentricity on the buckling mode, bifurcation load (idealized structure), and critical load (structure with initial imperfections). The critical load for the actual structure was determined with the use of approximation methods, based on experimental postbuckling equilibrium paths. In parallel with the experiments, a numerical analysis was conducted using the finite element method and Abaqus(®) software (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). The first stage of the numerical analysis consisted of solving an eigenproblem, in order to determine the mode of the loss of structural stability and to calculate the bifurcation loads for structures under axial and eccentric compression. The second stage of the numerical analysis involved examining the non-linear state of pre-deflected structures. Numerical postbuckling equilibrium paths were used to estimate the critical loads with an approximation method. The experimental results were used to validate the numerical models. This made it possible to determine the effect of compressive load eccentricity on the buckling mode and critical load of the tested structures. The results confirmed that compressive load eccentricity had a significant impact on the load-carrying capacity in the postbuckling range. This may potentially lead to premature damage to composite materials and, ultimately, to a reduced load-carrying capacity of structures.