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Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium
In microwave imaging, the effects of skin on recovering property distributions of tissue underneath the surface may be significant because it has high dielectric contrast with subcutaneous fat, which inevitably causes significant signal reflections. While the thickness of skin, especially relative t...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236453 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197353 |
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author | Meaney, Paul Geimer, Shireen Golnabi, Amir Paulsen, Keith |
author_facet | Meaney, Paul Geimer, Shireen Golnabi, Amir Paulsen, Keith |
author_sort | Meaney, Paul |
collection | PubMed |
description | In microwave imaging, the effects of skin on recovering property distributions of tissue underneath the surface may be significant because it has high dielectric contrast with subcutaneous fat, which inevitably causes significant signal reflections. While the thickness of skin, especially relative to the wavelengths in use, would presumably have minor effects, it can introduce practical difficulties, for instance, in reflection-based imaging techniques, where the impact of the skin is large—often as high as two orders of magnitude greater than that of signals from underlying tumors in the breast imaging setting. However, in tomography cases utilizing transmission-based measurement data and lossy coupling materials, the situation is considerably different. Accurately implementing a skin layer for numerical modeling purposes is challenging because of the need to discretize the size and shape of the skin without increasing computational overhead substantially. In this paper, we assess the effects of the skin on field solutions in a realistic 3D model of a human breast. We demonstrate that the small changes in transmission field values introduced by including the skin cause minor differences in reconstructed images. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9572048 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95720482022-10-17 Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium Meaney, Paul Geimer, Shireen Golnabi, Amir Paulsen, Keith Sensors (Basel) Article In microwave imaging, the effects of skin on recovering property distributions of tissue underneath the surface may be significant because it has high dielectric contrast with subcutaneous fat, which inevitably causes significant signal reflections. While the thickness of skin, especially relative to the wavelengths in use, would presumably have minor effects, it can introduce practical difficulties, for instance, in reflection-based imaging techniques, where the impact of the skin is large—often as high as two orders of magnitude greater than that of signals from underlying tumors in the breast imaging setting. However, in tomography cases utilizing transmission-based measurement data and lossy coupling materials, the situation is considerably different. Accurately implementing a skin layer for numerical modeling purposes is challenging because of the need to discretize the size and shape of the skin without increasing computational overhead substantially. In this paper, we assess the effects of the skin on field solutions in a realistic 3D model of a human breast. We demonstrate that the small changes in transmission field values introduced by including the skin cause minor differences in reconstructed images. MDPI 2022-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9572048/ /pubmed/36236453 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197353 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Meaney, Paul Geimer, Shireen Golnabi, Amir Paulsen, Keith Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title | Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title_full | Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title_fullStr | Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title_short | Impact of Skin on Microwave Tomography in the Lossy Coupling Medium |
title_sort | impact of skin on microwave tomography in the lossy coupling medium |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572048/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236453 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197353 |
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