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Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect
A highly sensitive strain sensor based on tunable cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Cascaded FPIs consist of a sensing FPI and a reference FPI, which effectively generate the Vernier effect (VE). The sensing FPI comprises a hollow core fiber (HC...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197557 |
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author | Mumtaz, Farhan Roman, Muhammad Zhang, Bohong Abbas, Lashari Ghulam Ashraf, Muhammad Aqueel Dai, Yutang Huang, Jie |
author_facet | Mumtaz, Farhan Roman, Muhammad Zhang, Bohong Abbas, Lashari Ghulam Ashraf, Muhammad Aqueel Dai, Yutang Huang, Jie |
author_sort | Mumtaz, Farhan |
collection | PubMed |
description | A highly sensitive strain sensor based on tunable cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Cascaded FPIs consist of a sensing FPI and a reference FPI, which effectively generate the Vernier effect (VE). The sensing FPI comprises a hollow core fiber (HCF) segment sandwiched between single-mode fibers (SMFs), and the reference FPI consists of a tunable air reflector, which is constituted by a computer-programable fiber holding block to adjust the desired cavity length. The simulation results predict the dispersion characteristics of modes carried by HCF. The sensor’s parameters are designed to correspond to a narrow bandwidth range, i.e., 1530 nm to 1610 nm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor exhibits optimum strain sensitivity of 23.9 pm/με, 17.54 pm/με, and 14.11 pm/με cascaded with the reference FPI of 375 μm, 365 μm, and 355 μm in cavity length, which is 13.73, 10.08, and 8.10 times higher than the single sensing FPI with a strain sensitivity of 1.74 pm/με, respectively. The strain sensitivity of the sensor can be further enhanced by extending the source bandwidth. The proposed sensor exhibits ultra-low temperature sensitivity of 0.49 pm/°C for a temperature range of 25 °C to 135 °C, providing good isolation for eliminating temperature–strain cross-talk. The sensor is robust, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, repeatable, and shows a highly linear and stable response for strain sensing. Based on the sensor’s performance, it may be a good candidate for high-resolution strain sensing. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9572069 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95720692022-10-17 Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect Mumtaz, Farhan Roman, Muhammad Zhang, Bohong Abbas, Lashari Ghulam Ashraf, Muhammad Aqueel Dai, Yutang Huang, Jie Sensors (Basel) Article A highly sensitive strain sensor based on tunable cascaded Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Cascaded FPIs consist of a sensing FPI and a reference FPI, which effectively generate the Vernier effect (VE). The sensing FPI comprises a hollow core fiber (HCF) segment sandwiched between single-mode fibers (SMFs), and the reference FPI consists of a tunable air reflector, which is constituted by a computer-programable fiber holding block to adjust the desired cavity length. The simulation results predict the dispersion characteristics of modes carried by HCF. The sensor’s parameters are designed to correspond to a narrow bandwidth range, i.e., 1530 nm to 1610 nm. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed sensor exhibits optimum strain sensitivity of 23.9 pm/με, 17.54 pm/με, and 14.11 pm/με cascaded with the reference FPI of 375 μm, 365 μm, and 355 μm in cavity length, which is 13.73, 10.08, and 8.10 times higher than the single sensing FPI with a strain sensitivity of 1.74 pm/με, respectively. The strain sensitivity of the sensor can be further enhanced by extending the source bandwidth. The proposed sensor exhibits ultra-low temperature sensitivity of 0.49 pm/°C for a temperature range of 25 °C to 135 °C, providing good isolation for eliminating temperature–strain cross-talk. The sensor is robust, cost-effective, easy to manufacture, repeatable, and shows a highly linear and stable response for strain sensing. Based on the sensor’s performance, it may be a good candidate for high-resolution strain sensing. MDPI 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9572069/ /pubmed/36236657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197557 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Mumtaz, Farhan Roman, Muhammad Zhang, Bohong Abbas, Lashari Ghulam Ashraf, Muhammad Aqueel Dai, Yutang Huang, Jie Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title | Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title_full | Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title_fullStr | Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title_full_unstemmed | Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title_short | Highly Sensitive Strain Sensor by Utilizing a Tunable Air Reflector and the Vernier Effect |
title_sort | highly sensitive strain sensor by utilizing a tunable air reflector and the vernier effect |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572069/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36236657 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197557 |
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