Potential Benefit of Structural Health Monitoring System on Civil Jet Aircraft

Structural health monitoring represents an interesting enabling technology towards increasing aviation safety and reducing operating costs by unlocking novel maintenance approaches and procedures. However, the benefits of such a technology are limited to maintenance costs reductions by cutting or even eliminating some maintenance scheduled checks. The key limitation to move a step further in exploiting structural health monitoring technology is represented by the regulation imposed in sizing aircraft composite structures. A safety margin of 2.0 is usually applied to estimate the ultimate loading that composite structures must withstand. This limitation is imposed since physical nondestructive inspection of composite structures is really challenging or even impossible in some cases. However, a structural health monitoring system represents a viable way for a real time check for the health status of a composite structure. Thus, the introduction of structural health monitoring should help into reducing the stringent safety margin imposed by aviation regulation for a safe design of composite structures. By assuming a safety margin reduction from 2.0 to 1.75 thanks to the installation of permanently attached sensors for structural health diagnostics, this paper assesses the potential fuel savings and direct operating costs through a multidisciplinary analysis on a A220-like aircraft. According to the foreseen level of technology, addressed through the number of sensors per square meter, a DOC saving from 2% up to 5% is achievable preserving, at the same time, all the key aircraft performance.