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APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma
Glioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprote...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195765 |
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author | Zhu, Hua Hu, Xinyao Feng, Shi Li, Yuntao Zhang, Yonggang Qiu, Sheng Chen, Ran Ye, Yingze Gu, Lijuan Jian, Zhihong Xu, Ximing Xiong, Xiaoxing |
author_facet | Zhu, Hua Hu, Xinyao Feng, Shi Li, Yuntao Zhang, Yonggang Qiu, Sheng Chen, Ran Ye, Yingze Gu, Lijuan Jian, Zhihong Xu, Ximing Xiong, Xiaoxing |
author_sort | Zhu, Hua |
collection | PubMed |
description | Glioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprotein L4 (APOL4) in glioma. We downloaded the expression data of APOL4 and clinical information from several databases and used R software for preprocessing. The clinical significance of APOL4 in a glioma outcome was explored by the Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, immune infiltrates and microenvironmental indicators were assessed by CIBERSORT and TIMER. GO and KEGG analyses were used to analyze the potential functions of APOL4 in gliomas. APOL4 expression was increased in glioma specimens compared to normal tissues and correlated dramatically with the WHO grade. A survival analysis showed a shorter overall survival (OS) in glioma patients with APOL4 overexpression, and a Cox regression analysis showed that APOL4 was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of glioma patients. GSEA, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses showed remarkable enrichment in immune-related pathways. APOL4 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration (including DC cells, neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, etc.) and microenvironmental parameters (including immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores) in gliomas. Glioma patients with a higher expression of APOL4 may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). In conclusion, these findings suggest that APOL4 is associated with the tumor grade and immune infiltrates; APOL4 may be a new and potential biomarker for therapeutic and prognostic evaluations that may further suggest the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9572388 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95723882022-10-17 APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma Zhu, Hua Hu, Xinyao Feng, Shi Li, Yuntao Zhang, Yonggang Qiu, Sheng Chen, Ran Ye, Yingze Gu, Lijuan Jian, Zhihong Xu, Ximing Xiong, Xiaoxing J Clin Med Article Glioma is the common, most aggressive and poorest prognostic tumor type in the brain. More and more biomarkers associated with glioma treatment, prognosis, and immunity are being discovered. Here, we aimed to explore the underlying biological functions and prognostic predictive value of Apolipoprotein L4 (APOL4) in glioma. We downloaded the expression data of APOL4 and clinical information from several databases and used R software for preprocessing. The clinical significance of APOL4 in a glioma outcome was explored by the Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. In addition, immune infiltrates and microenvironmental indicators were assessed by CIBERSORT and TIMER. GO and KEGG analyses were used to analyze the potential functions of APOL4 in gliomas. APOL4 expression was increased in glioma specimens compared to normal tissues and correlated dramatically with the WHO grade. A survival analysis showed a shorter overall survival (OS) in glioma patients with APOL4 overexpression, and a Cox regression analysis showed that APOL4 was an independent prognostic factor for the OS of glioma patients. GSEA, GO, and KEGG enrichment analyses showed remarkable enrichment in immune-related pathways. APOL4 expression was positively correlated with immune infiltration (including DC cells, neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, B cells, macrophages, CD4+ T cells, etc.) and microenvironmental parameters (including immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores) in gliomas. Glioma patients with a higher expression of APOL4 may be more sensitive to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). In conclusion, these findings suggest that APOL4 is associated with the tumor grade and immune infiltrates; APOL4 may be a new and potential biomarker for therapeutic and prognostic evaluations that may further suggest the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy. MDPI 2022-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC9572388/ /pubmed/36233633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195765 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhu, Hua Hu, Xinyao Feng, Shi Li, Yuntao Zhang, Yonggang Qiu, Sheng Chen, Ran Ye, Yingze Gu, Lijuan Jian, Zhihong Xu, Ximing Xiong, Xiaoxing APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title_full | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title_fullStr | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title_full_unstemmed | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title_short | APOL4, a Novel Immune-Related Prognostic Biomarker for Glioma |
title_sort | apol4, a novel immune-related prognostic biomarker for glioma |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572388/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36233633 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195765 |
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