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Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus

Malachite green (MG) dye is a common environmental pollutant that threatens human health and the integrity of the Earth’s ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential biodegradation of MG dye by actinomycetes species isolated from planted soil near an industrial water effluent i...

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Autores principales: Abu-Hussien, Samah H., Hemdan, Bahaa A., Alzahrani, Othman M., Alswat, Amal S., Alatawi, Fuad A., Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah, Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin, Bafhaid, Hanouf S., Mahmoud, Samy F., Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M., El-Sayed, Salwa M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234993
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196456
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author Abu-Hussien, Samah H.
Hemdan, Bahaa A.
Alzahrani, Othman M.
Alswat, Amal S.
Alatawi, Fuad A.
Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah
Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin
Bafhaid, Hanouf S.
Mahmoud, Samy F.
Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M.
El-Sayed, Salwa M.
author_facet Abu-Hussien, Samah H.
Hemdan, Bahaa A.
Alzahrani, Othman M.
Alswat, Amal S.
Alatawi, Fuad A.
Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah
Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin
Bafhaid, Hanouf S.
Mahmoud, Samy F.
Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M.
El-Sayed, Salwa M.
author_sort Abu-Hussien, Samah H.
collection PubMed
description Malachite green (MG) dye is a common environmental pollutant that threatens human health and the integrity of the Earth’s ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential biodegradation of MG dye by actinomycetes species isolated from planted soil near an industrial water effluent in Cairo, Egypt. The Streptomyces isolate St 45 was selected according to its high efficiency for laccase production. It was identified as S. exfoliatus based on phenotype and 16S rRNA molecular analysis and was deposited in the NCBI GenBank with the gene accession number OL720220. Its growth kinetics were studied during an incubation time of 144 h, during which the growth rate was 0.4232 (µ/h), the duplication time (td) was 1.64 d, and multiplication rate (MR) was 0.61 h, with an MG decolorization value of 96% after 120 h of incubation at 25 °C. Eleven physical and nutritional factors (mannitol, frying oil waste, MgSO(4), NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)Cl, dye concentration, pH, agitation, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation time) were screened for significance in the biodegradation of MG by S. exfoliatus using PBD. Out of the eleven factors screened in PBD, five (dye concentration, frying oil waste, MgSO(4), inoculum size, and pH) were shown to be significant in the decolorization process. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the biodegradation of MG. Maximum decolorization was attained using the following optimal conditions: food oil waste, 7.5 mL/L; MgSO(4), 0.35 g/L; dye concentration, 0.04 g/L; pH, 4.0; and inoculum size, 12.5%. The products from the degradation of MG by S. exfoliatus were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed the presence of several compounds, including leuco-malachite green, di(tert-butyl)(2-phenylethoxy) silane, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-n-octyl phthalate, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester. Moreover, the phytotoxicity, microbial toxicity, and cytotoxicity tests confirmed that the byproducts of MG degradation were not toxic to plants, microbes, or human cells. The results of this work implicate S. exfoliatus as a novel strain for MG biodegradation in different environments.
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spelling pubmed-95725142022-10-17 Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus Abu-Hussien, Samah H. Hemdan, Bahaa A. Alzahrani, Othman M. Alswat, Amal S. Alatawi, Fuad A. Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Bafhaid, Hanouf S. Mahmoud, Samy F. Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M. El-Sayed, Salwa M. Molecules Article Malachite green (MG) dye is a common environmental pollutant that threatens human health and the integrity of the Earth’s ecosystem. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential biodegradation of MG dye by actinomycetes species isolated from planted soil near an industrial water effluent in Cairo, Egypt. The Streptomyces isolate St 45 was selected according to its high efficiency for laccase production. It was identified as S. exfoliatus based on phenotype and 16S rRNA molecular analysis and was deposited in the NCBI GenBank with the gene accession number OL720220. Its growth kinetics were studied during an incubation time of 144 h, during which the growth rate was 0.4232 (µ/h), the duplication time (td) was 1.64 d, and multiplication rate (MR) was 0.61 h, with an MG decolorization value of 96% after 120 h of incubation at 25 °C. Eleven physical and nutritional factors (mannitol, frying oil waste, MgSO(4), NH(4)NO(3), NH(4)Cl, dye concentration, pH, agitation, temperature, inoculum size, and incubation time) were screened for significance in the biodegradation of MG by S. exfoliatus using PBD. Out of the eleven factors screened in PBD, five (dye concentration, frying oil waste, MgSO(4), inoculum size, and pH) were shown to be significant in the decolorization process. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the biodegradation of MG. Maximum decolorization was attained using the following optimal conditions: food oil waste, 7.5 mL/L; MgSO(4), 0.35 g/L; dye concentration, 0.04 g/L; pH, 4.0; and inoculum size, 12.5%. The products from the degradation of MG by S. exfoliatus were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed the presence of several compounds, including leuco-malachite green, di(tert-butyl)(2-phenylethoxy) silane, 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, di-n-octyl phthalate, and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dioctyl ester. Moreover, the phytotoxicity, microbial toxicity, and cytotoxicity tests confirmed that the byproducts of MG degradation were not toxic to plants, microbes, or human cells. The results of this work implicate S. exfoliatus as a novel strain for MG biodegradation in different environments. MDPI 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9572514/ /pubmed/36234993 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196456 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Abu-Hussien, Samah H.
Hemdan, Bahaa A.
Alzahrani, Othman M.
Alswat, Amal S.
Alatawi, Fuad A.
Alenezi, Muneefah Abdullah
Darwish, Doaa Bahaa Eldin
Bafhaid, Hanouf S.
Mahmoud, Samy F.
Ibrahim, Mohamed F. M.
El-Sayed, Salwa M.
Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title_full Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title_fullStr Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title_full_unstemmed Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title_short Microbial Degradation, Spectral analysis and Toxicological Assessment of Malachite Green Dye by Streptomyces exfoliatus
title_sort microbial degradation, spectral analysis and toxicological assessment of malachite green dye by streptomyces exfoliatus
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9572514/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234993
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196456
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