Electrochemical Biosensing of Glucose Based on the Enzymatic Reduction of Glucose

In this work, the enzyme aldehyde reductase, also known as aldose reductase, was synthesized and cloned from a human gene. Spectrophotometric measurements show that in presence of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate cofactor (NADPH), the aldehyde reductase catalyzed the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Electrochemical measurements performed on an electrodeposited poly(methylene green)-modified gold electrode showed that in the presence of the enzyme aldehyde reductase, the electrocatalytic oxidation current of NADPH decreased drastically after the addition of glucose. These results demonstrate that aldehyde reductase is an enzyme that allows the construction of an efficient electrochemical glucose biosensor based on glucose reduction.