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Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides
The medicinal plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (synonyms: A. uncinatus and A. odoratissimus) is known as yingzhao in Chinese. Extracts of the plant have long been used in Asian folk medicine to treat various symptoms and diseases, including fevers, microbial infections, ulcers, hepatic disorders and oth...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196192 |
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author | Bailly, Christian Hénichart, Jean-Pierre |
author_facet | Bailly, Christian Hénichart, Jean-Pierre |
author_sort | Bailly, Christian |
collection | PubMed |
description | The medicinal plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (synonyms: A. uncinatus and A. odoratissimus) is known as yingzhao in Chinese. Extracts of the plant have long been used in Asian folk medicine to treat various symptoms and diseases, including fevers, microbial infections, ulcers, hepatic disorders and other health problems. In particular, extracts from the roots and fruits of the plant are used for treating malaria. Numerous bioactive natural products have been isolated from the plant, mainly aporphine (artabonatines, artacinatine) and benzylisoquinoline (hexapetalines) alkaloids, terpenoids (artaboterpenoids), flavonoids (artabotrysides), butanolides (uncinine, artapetalins) and a small series of endoperoxides known as yingzhaosu A-to-D. These natural products confer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties to the plant extracts. The lead compound yingzhaosu A displays marked activities against the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei. Total syntheses have been developed to access yingzhaosu compounds and analogues, such as the potent compound C14-epi-yingzhaosu A and simpler molecules with a dioxane unit. The mechanism of action of yingzhaosu A points to an iron(II)-induced degradation leading to the formation of two alkylating species, an unsaturated ketone and a cyclohexyl radical, which can then react with vital parasitic proteins. A bioreductive activation of yingzhaosu A endoperoxide can also occur with the heme iron complex. The mechanism of action of yingzhaosu endoperoxides is discussed, to promote further chemical and pharmacological studies of these neglected, but highly interesting bioactive compounds. Yingzhaosu A/C represent useful templates for designing novel antimalarial drugs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9573098 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95730982022-10-17 Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides Bailly, Christian Hénichart, Jean-Pierre Molecules Review The medicinal plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (synonyms: A. uncinatus and A. odoratissimus) is known as yingzhao in Chinese. Extracts of the plant have long been used in Asian folk medicine to treat various symptoms and diseases, including fevers, microbial infections, ulcers, hepatic disorders and other health problems. In particular, extracts from the roots and fruits of the plant are used for treating malaria. Numerous bioactive natural products have been isolated from the plant, mainly aporphine (artabonatines, artacinatine) and benzylisoquinoline (hexapetalines) alkaloids, terpenoids (artaboterpenoids), flavonoids (artabotrysides), butanolides (uncinine, artapetalins) and a small series of endoperoxides known as yingzhaosu A-to-D. These natural products confer antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties to the plant extracts. The lead compound yingzhaosu A displays marked activities against the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum and P. berghei. Total syntheses have been developed to access yingzhaosu compounds and analogues, such as the potent compound C14-epi-yingzhaosu A and simpler molecules with a dioxane unit. The mechanism of action of yingzhaosu A points to an iron(II)-induced degradation leading to the formation of two alkylating species, an unsaturated ketone and a cyclohexyl radical, which can then react with vital parasitic proteins. A bioreductive activation of yingzhaosu A endoperoxide can also occur with the heme iron complex. The mechanism of action of yingzhaosu endoperoxides is discussed, to promote further chemical and pharmacological studies of these neglected, but highly interesting bioactive compounds. Yingzhaosu A/C represent useful templates for designing novel antimalarial drugs. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9573098/ /pubmed/36234725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196192 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Bailly, Christian Hénichart, Jean-Pierre Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title | Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title_full | Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title_fullStr | Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title_full_unstemmed | Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title_short | Advocacy for the Medicinal Plant Artabotrys hexapetalus (Yingzhao) and Antimalarial Yingzhaosu Endoperoxides |
title_sort | advocacy for the medicinal plant artabotrys hexapetalus (yingzhao) and antimalarial yingzhaosu endoperoxides |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573098/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234725 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196192 |
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