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Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid

A P-/N-containing bamboo-activated carbon (BACm) was successfully synthesized by steam activation of bamboo charcoal and chemical grafting to as-prepared activated carbon using the reaction of phosphoric acid and urea. Characterizations of BACm presented a synergistic grafting of P and N elements to...

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Autores principales: Yin, Ningning, Zhong, Jinhuan, Tian, Huayu, Zhou, Zenan, Ying, Weijun, Dai, Jinfeng, Li, Wenzhu, Zhang, Wenbiao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234140
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196802
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author Yin, Ningning
Zhong, Jinhuan
Tian, Huayu
Zhou, Zenan
Ying, Weijun
Dai, Jinfeng
Li, Wenzhu
Zhang, Wenbiao
author_facet Yin, Ningning
Zhong, Jinhuan
Tian, Huayu
Zhou, Zenan
Ying, Weijun
Dai, Jinfeng
Li, Wenzhu
Zhang, Wenbiao
author_sort Yin, Ningning
collection PubMed
description A P-/N-containing bamboo-activated carbon (BACm) was successfully synthesized by steam activation of bamboo charcoal and chemical grafting to as-prepared activated carbon using the reaction of phosphoric acid and urea. Characterizations of BACm presented a synergistic grafting of P and N elements to the BAC surface. The BACm was further loaded in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to prepare BACm/PLA composites. Mechanical strength study showed tensile strength dropped from 75.19 MPa to 61.30 MPa, and tensile modulus from 602.49 MPa to 375.56 MPa, suggesting a rigidity reduction and deformation resistance enhancement owing to the roughened surface of BACm that interlocked with the polymer. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the carbon residue rate of BACm dramatically fell to 49.25 wt.% in contrast to 88.28% for the control BAC, and cone calorimeter measurements confirmed the enhancement of flame retardancy of the composites with BACm loading, and the carbon residue rate increased progressively with BACm loading in the composites, notably up to 8.60 wt.% for the BAC/PLA9 composite, which outweighed the theoretical residue rate by more than 50%. The elemental analysis also confirmed rich P/N levels of the dense carbon residue layer that could perform synergistically and effectively in fire suppression. The BACm tended to stimulate the earlier decomposition of the composites and formed a continuous residual carbon layer which functioned as an effective barrier hindering the mass and heat transfer between the combustion zone and the underlying matrix. Moreover, 9 wt.% of BACm loading could attain a V-0 rating (UL94) for the composite with an improved limiting oxygen index up to 31.7%. The biomass-based modified activated carbon in this work could be considered as an alternative flame retardant in polymer applications.
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spelling pubmed-95732162022-10-17 Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid Yin, Ningning Zhong, Jinhuan Tian, Huayu Zhou, Zenan Ying, Weijun Dai, Jinfeng Li, Wenzhu Zhang, Wenbiao Materials (Basel) Article A P-/N-containing bamboo-activated carbon (BACm) was successfully synthesized by steam activation of bamboo charcoal and chemical grafting to as-prepared activated carbon using the reaction of phosphoric acid and urea. Characterizations of BACm presented a synergistic grafting of P and N elements to the BAC surface. The BACm was further loaded in a polylactic acid (PLA) matrix to prepare BACm/PLA composites. Mechanical strength study showed tensile strength dropped from 75.19 MPa to 61.30 MPa, and tensile modulus from 602.49 MPa to 375.56 MPa, suggesting a rigidity reduction and deformation resistance enhancement owing to the roughened surface of BACm that interlocked with the polymer. The thermogravimetric analysis showed that the carbon residue rate of BACm dramatically fell to 49.25 wt.% in contrast to 88.28% for the control BAC, and cone calorimeter measurements confirmed the enhancement of flame retardancy of the composites with BACm loading, and the carbon residue rate increased progressively with BACm loading in the composites, notably up to 8.60 wt.% for the BAC/PLA9 composite, which outweighed the theoretical residue rate by more than 50%. The elemental analysis also confirmed rich P/N levels of the dense carbon residue layer that could perform synergistically and effectively in fire suppression. The BACm tended to stimulate the earlier decomposition of the composites and formed a continuous residual carbon layer which functioned as an effective barrier hindering the mass and heat transfer between the combustion zone and the underlying matrix. Moreover, 9 wt.% of BACm loading could attain a V-0 rating (UL94) for the composite with an improved limiting oxygen index up to 31.7%. The biomass-based modified activated carbon in this work could be considered as an alternative flame retardant in polymer applications. MDPI 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9573216/ /pubmed/36234140 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196802 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yin, Ningning
Zhong, Jinhuan
Tian, Huayu
Zhou, Zenan
Ying, Weijun
Dai, Jinfeng
Li, Wenzhu
Zhang, Wenbiao
Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title_full Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title_fullStr Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title_short Synthesis of P-/N-Containing Bamboo-Activated Carbon toward Enhanced Thermal Stability and Flame Retardancy of Polylactic Acid
title_sort synthesis of p-/n-containing bamboo-activated carbon toward enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy of polylactic acid
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573216/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234140
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196802
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