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Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials

Today, sustainable and natural resources including biowastes have been considered attractive starting materials for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) due to the benefits of availability, low cost, biorenewability, and environmentally benign attributes. These carbon...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rabiee, Navid, Iravani, Siavash, Varma, Rajender S.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196186
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author Rabiee, Navid
Iravani, Siavash
Varma, Rajender S.
author_facet Rabiee, Navid
Iravani, Siavash
Varma, Rajender S.
author_sort Rabiee, Navid
collection PubMed
description Today, sustainable and natural resources including biowastes have been considered attractive starting materials for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) due to the benefits of availability, low cost, biorenewability, and environmentally benign attributes. These carbonaceous nanomaterials have been widely explored in the field of sensing/imaging, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cancer theranostics. Designing multifunctional biowaste-derived CDs with a high efficacy-to-toxicity ratio for sustained and targeted drug delivery, along with imaging potentials, opens a new window of opportunity toward theranostic applications. However, crucial challenges regarding the absorption/emission wavelength, up-conversion emission/multiphoton fluorescence mechanisms, and phosphorescence of these CDs still need to be addressed to attain the maximum functionality and efficacy. Future studies ought to focus on optimizing the synthesis techniques/conditions, evaluating the influence of nucleation/growth process on structures/properties, controlling their morphology/size, and finding the photoluminescence mechanisms. Reproducibility of synthesis techniques is another critically important factor that needs to be addressed in the future. Herein, the recent developments related to the biowaste-derived CDs with respect to their biomedical applications are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future perspectives.
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spelling pubmed-95735682022-10-17 Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials Rabiee, Navid Iravani, Siavash Varma, Rajender S. Molecules Review Today, sustainable and natural resources including biowastes have been considered attractive starting materials for the fabrication of biocompatible and biodegradable carbon dots (CDs) due to the benefits of availability, low cost, biorenewability, and environmentally benign attributes. These carbonaceous nanomaterials have been widely explored in the field of sensing/imaging, optoelectronics, photocatalysis, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and cancer theranostics. Designing multifunctional biowaste-derived CDs with a high efficacy-to-toxicity ratio for sustained and targeted drug delivery, along with imaging potentials, opens a new window of opportunity toward theranostic applications. However, crucial challenges regarding the absorption/emission wavelength, up-conversion emission/multiphoton fluorescence mechanisms, and phosphorescence of these CDs still need to be addressed to attain the maximum functionality and efficacy. Future studies ought to focus on optimizing the synthesis techniques/conditions, evaluating the influence of nucleation/growth process on structures/properties, controlling their morphology/size, and finding the photoluminescence mechanisms. Reproducibility of synthesis techniques is another critically important factor that needs to be addressed in the future. Herein, the recent developments related to the biowaste-derived CDs with respect to their biomedical applications are deliberated, focusing on important challenges and future perspectives. MDPI 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9573568/ /pubmed/36234727 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196186 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rabiee, Navid
Iravani, Siavash
Varma, Rajender S.
Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title_full Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title_fullStr Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title_full_unstemmed Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title_short Biowaste-Derived Carbon Dots: A Perspective on Biomedical Potentials
title_sort biowaste-derived carbon dots: a perspective on biomedical potentials
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9573568/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36234727
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196186
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