Effect of chemical treatments on the functional, morphological and rheological properties of starch isolated from pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan)

Different chemical treatments (cross-linking, oxidation, and hydroxypropylation) were used to modify pigeon pea starch, and its effect on physiochemical, pasting and rheological properties were studied. Cross-linking and oxidation decreased while hydroxypropylation increased the swelling power of pigeon pea starch. All starch samples showed a decrease in their paste clarities. FTIR spectra of all starch samples displayed characteristic absorption bands of starch at wave numbers 1076, 1148, 1376, and 1632 cm(−1). A significant reduction occurred in peak, cold paste, hot paste, and setback viscosity after chemical modification. Rheological determinations showed that starch pastes had viscoelastic behaviour. G′ and G″ of all starch paste increased after chemical modification. Native and chemically treated starches revealed oval to elliptical-shaped granules and no change was observed after modification when examined in SEM. These results confirmed that the undesirable properties of native pigeon starch can be suitably altered via chemical treatments to make them suitable for several food applications.