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PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) with the length of approximately 26–30 nucleotides are a distinct class of small non-coding RNAs that mainly expressed in the animal gonads. Other small RNAs originate from double stranded precursors but piRNAs derive from long single-stranded primary transcripts, whic...

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Autor principal: Shirzad, Hadi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9577162/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36317021
http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7930
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author Shirzad, Hadi
author_facet Shirzad, Hadi
author_sort Shirzad, Hadi
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description PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) with the length of approximately 26–30 nucleotides are a distinct class of small non-coding RNAs that mainly expressed in the animal gonads. Other small RNAs originate from double stranded precursors but piRNAs derive from long single-stranded primary transcripts, which expressed from distinct genomic regions. piRNAs are involved in silencing of mobile elements named transposons and their main role is germline maintenance. Recent studies have opened new insights on biological and clinical significance of piRNAs in various diseases. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is a remarkable feature in many diseases especially human cancers, which emphasize on their important biological role in disease progression. Furthermore, they can be served as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. In this review, we explained piRNAs characteristics, biogenesis process and functions, discuss new findings about involvement of these elements in various disease and their potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers.
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spelling pubmed-95771622022-10-30 PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review Shirzad, Hadi Iran J Public Health Review Article PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) with the length of approximately 26–30 nucleotides are a distinct class of small non-coding RNAs that mainly expressed in the animal gonads. Other small RNAs originate from double stranded precursors but piRNAs derive from long single-stranded primary transcripts, which expressed from distinct genomic regions. piRNAs are involved in silencing of mobile elements named transposons and their main role is germline maintenance. Recent studies have opened new insights on biological and clinical significance of piRNAs in various diseases. Abnormal expression of piRNAs is a remarkable feature in many diseases especially human cancers, which emphasize on their important biological role in disease progression. Furthermore, they can be served as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumor diagnostics and treatment. In this review, we explained piRNAs characteristics, biogenesis process and functions, discuss new findings about involvement of these elements in various disease and their potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9577162/ /pubmed/36317021 http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7930 Text en Copyright © 2021 Shirzad. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Shirzad, Hadi
PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title_full PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title_fullStr PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title_full_unstemmed PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title_short PiRNA Biogenesis and Their Role in Human Cancers and Other Diseases: A Narrative Review
title_sort pirna biogenesis and their role in human cancers and other diseases: a narrative review
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9577162/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36317021
http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i12.7930
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