Atraumatic acute compartment syndrome in anticoagulated patient: A case report

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Compartment syndrome is a well-known surgical emergency caused by increasing pressure inside the fascial or osteo-fascial compartment, resulting in vascular compromise, ischemia, and necrosis. This condition usually occurs following a traumatic incident. Here we present a report of nontraumatic acute compartment syndrome caused by systemic anticoagulation in patients presenting with the acute coronary syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 51-year-old male with acute coronary syndrome receiving systemic anticoagulation, which later developed significant swelling and tensing on his right arm. He also complained of pallor and paresthesia with decreased peripheral oxygen saturation on his right arm. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The patient was diagnosed with atraumatic acute compartment syndrome and underwent fasciotomy promptly. His symptoms improved after undergoing fasciotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Atraumatic acute compartment syndrome is a rare case. Identifying this condition without a typical history of underlying predisposition is important to avoid delaying emergent surgery as the key therapy.