Larynx cancer diagnosed as Ewing Sarcoma in a 41-year-old man: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Sarcoma as a cause of laryngeal cancer is rare and is even rarer to have an Ewing sarcoma out of the bone presents as laryngeal cancer. In this report, we present this extremely rare case. CASE PRESENTATION: A 41-year-old man was seen at the ENT clinic complaining of chronic hoarseness and a lump in his neck. Flexible laryngoscopy showed a large mass occupying the left side of the larynx and then a computerized tomography scan proved it. For further evaluation, the laryngoscopy was performed and the frozen section revealed a malignancy. Consequently, the surgical decision was taken and a total Laryngectomy and thyroidectomy were carried out. A final diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma was established using histological examination and immunohistochemical staining. The patient was referred for adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy as recommended by the oncology service. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: laryngeal cancer is rarely diagnosed as Ewing sarcoma. The defined diagnosis should be made based on histological study and immunohistochemical staining besides the clinical presentation and other examinations. Our patient was a candidate for surgical treatment and negative surgical margins were achieved. He was referred for adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy as some studies demonstrated the efficacy of multimodal therapy in treating Ewing sarcoma. CONCLUSION: Because of the lack of similar studies and documented data in the medical literature about this rare case, Ewing sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis in laryngeal cancer cases.