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Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578251/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36268032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711 |
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author | Kogame, Toshiaki Egawa, Gyohei Nomura, Takashi Kabashima, Kenji |
author_facet | Kogame, Toshiaki Egawa, Gyohei Nomura, Takashi Kabashima, Kenji |
author_sort | Kogame, Toshiaki |
collection | PubMed |
description | Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has been made to clarify the nature of ILCs, and scientific progress revealed that progenitor cells of ILC can produce ILC subsets that are functionally reminiscent of T-cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17. Thus, now it comes to the notion that ILC progenitors are considered an innate version of naïve T cells. Another important discovery was that ILC progenitors in the different tissues undergo different modes of differentiation pathways. Furthermore, during the embryonic phase, progenitor cells in different developmental chronologies give rise to the unique spectra of immune cells and cause a wave to replenish the immune cells in tissues. This observation leads to the concept of layered immunity, which explains the ontology of some cell populations, such as B-1a cells, γδ T cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Thus, recent reports in ILC biology posed a possibility that the concept of layered immunity might disentangle the complexity of ILC heterogeneity. In this review, we compare ILC ontogeny in the bone marrow with those of embryonic tissues, such as the fetal liver and embryonic thymus, to disentangle ILC heterogeneity in light of layered immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9578251 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95782512022-10-19 Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells Kogame, Toshiaki Egawa, Gyohei Nomura, Takashi Kabashima, Kenji Front Immunol Immunology Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) harbor tissue-resident properties in border zones, such as the mucosal membranes and the skin. ILCs exert a wide range of biological functions, including inflammatory response, maintenance of tissue homeostasis, and metabolism. Since its discovery, tremendous effort has been made to clarify the nature of ILCs, and scientific progress revealed that progenitor cells of ILC can produce ILC subsets that are functionally reminiscent of T-cell subsets such as Th1, Th2, and Th17. Thus, now it comes to the notion that ILC progenitors are considered an innate version of naïve T cells. Another important discovery was that ILC progenitors in the different tissues undergo different modes of differentiation pathways. Furthermore, during the embryonic phase, progenitor cells in different developmental chronologies give rise to the unique spectra of immune cells and cause a wave to replenish the immune cells in tissues. This observation leads to the concept of layered immunity, which explains the ontology of some cell populations, such as B-1a cells, γδ T cells, and tissue-resident macrophages. Thus, recent reports in ILC biology posed a possibility that the concept of layered immunity might disentangle the complexity of ILC heterogeneity. In this review, we compare ILC ontogeny in the bone marrow with those of embryonic tissues, such as the fetal liver and embryonic thymus, to disentangle ILC heterogeneity in light of layered immunity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC9578251/ /pubmed/36268032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711 Text en Copyright © 2022 Kogame, Egawa, Nomura and Kabashima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Kogame, Toshiaki Egawa, Gyohei Nomura, Takashi Kabashima, Kenji Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title | Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title_full | Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title_fullStr | Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title_full_unstemmed | Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title_short | Waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
title_sort | waves of layered immunity over innate lymphoid cells |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9578251/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36268032 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.957711 |
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